Difference between revisions of "OpenWRT: Flash Mikrotik RB433"

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−
Installation overview
 
−
 
 
Gambaran umum tiga langkah cara instalasi:
 
Gambaran umum tiga langkah cara instalasi:
  
−
* Boot board dengan OpenWrt dari jaringan (netboot): server DHCP dan TFTP dibutuhkan di host.
+
* Boot board dengan [[OpenWRT]] dari jaringan (netboot): server [[DHCP]] dan [[TFTP]] dibutuhkan di host.
−
* Instal OpenWrt ke internal flash dengan wget2nand: server HTTP atau FTP dibutuhkan di host.
+
* Instal [[OpenWRT]] ke internal flash dengan wget2nand: server [[HTTP]] atau [[FTP]] dibutuhkan di host.
 
* Reboot dengan instalasi baru, lakukan konfigurasi dll.
 
* Reboot dengan instalasi baru, lakukan konfigurasi dll.
  
 
==Netboot==
 
==Netboot==
  
−
bootloader dari RB433 mampu untuk meload image dalam format elf melalui BOOTP ke RAM dan menjalankannya.
+
bootloader dari RB433 mampu untuk meload image dalam format elf melalui [[BOOTP]] ke [[RAM]] dan menjalankannya.
  
  
 
==Build Image==
 
==Build Image==
  
−
Kita perlu mendownload OpenWrt trunk. Di menuconfig pilih:
+
Kita perlu mendownload [[OpenWRT]] trunk. Di menuconfig pilih:
  
 
* Target System: Atheros AR7xxx/AR9xxx
 
* Target System: Atheros AR7xxx/AR9xxx
Line 20: Line 18:
 
* Target Images: ramdisk (juga tar.gz jika kita berencana untuk menginstalasi secara permanen dengan image yang sama).
 
* Target Images: ramdisk (juga tar.gz jika kita berencana untuk menginstalasi secara permanen dengan image yang sama).
  
−
Now build the ram disk version. While it's building create the tftp-root directory if not already done and a symlink to the ram disk image
+
Buat versi ram disk. Cara membuat binary ramdisk di terangkan di [[OpenWRT: Build Firmware Mikrotik RB433 | Cara Membuat Firmware OpenWRT Mikrotik RB433]].
 +
Jika sudah ada binary-nya copy ke directory tftp-root, misalnya.
  
 
  sudo mkdir -p /tftpboot
 
  sudo mkdir -p /tftpboot
−
  # sudo ln -sf $(HOME)/openwrt/rb433uah-netboot/bin/ar71xx/openwrt-ar71xx-nand-vmlinux-initramfs.elf /tftpboot/openwrt.elf
+
  sudo cp openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-initramfs.elf /tftpboot/openwrt.elf
 +
sudo chmod -Rf 777 /tftpboot/
  
−
cp openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-initramfs.elf /tftpboot/openwrt.elf
+
==Setup Host==
−
chmod -Rf 777 /tftpboot/
 
  
−
==Setup the Host==
+
Kita membutuhkan server [[BOOTP]] dan [[TFTP]] di host, yang paling mudah adalah menggunakan dnsmasq, karena dapat memberikan dua layanan tersebut sekaligus. Install menggunakan perintah:
−
 
 
−
You need a BOOTP and a TFTP server on your host machine, we use dnsmasq here, since it can provide both services. Install dnsmasq with:
 
  
 
  sudo apt-get install dnsmasq
 
  sudo apt-get install dnsmasq
  
−
Changes in
+
Ubah dnsmasq.conf
  
 
  vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf
 
  vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf
  
−
only listen on the interface which is directly connected to the RouterBoards WAN (PoE) port. e.g.
+
Misalnya menggunakan parameter
  
−
    interface=eth0
+
interface=eth0
 +
dhcp-range=192.168.1.50,192.168.1.150,12h
 +
# dhcp-host=00:0C:42:XX:XX:XX,192.168.6.101 # ubah menggunakan MAC board Mikrotik yang kita gunakan
 +
dhcp-host=00:0C:42:72:E0:41,192.168.1.100
 +
enable-tftp
 +
tftp-root=/tftpboot
 +
dhcp-boot=/tftpboot/openwrt.elf,boothost,192.168.1.6
  
−
allow a DHCP range, e.g.
 
  
−
dhcp-range=192.168.0.50,192.168.0.150,12h
+
dhcp-host penting untuk di set. Jika ini tidak diset maka RB433 tidak akan menerima firmware dari laptop.
 +
Masalahnya kita harus mengetahui MAC address RB433 yang kita gunakan.
 +
Paling gampang menggunakan serial
  
−
allocate an IP address to the board, e.g.
+
RouterBOOT booter 3.02
 +
 +
RouterBoard 433AH
 +
 +
CPU frequency: 680 MHz
 +
  Memory size: 128 MiB
 +
    NAND size: 128 MiB
 +
 +
Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
  
−
#    dhcp-host=00:0C:42:XX:XX:XX,192.168.6.101
+
tekan i dua kali
−
dhcp-host=00:0C:42:72:E0:41,192.168.0.100
 
−
(replace the XX with the MAC address of your board!)
 
  
−
enable dnsmasq's built-in TFTP server
+
your choice: i - board info
−
 
+
−
    enable-tftp
+
Board Info:
−
 
+
−
set the root directory for files available via FTP.
+
        Board type: 433AH
−
 
+
      Serial number: 3D7701B2CD48
−
    tftp-root=/tftpboot
+
  Firmware version: 3.10
−
 
+
      CPU frequency: 680 MHz
−
set filename (produced above) and tftpd server for BOOTP, e. g.
+
        Memory size: 128 MiB
 +
          NAND size: 128 MiB
 +
        Build time: 2013-09-16 09:35:49
 +
  eth1 MAC address: 00:0C:42:6F:95:FF
 +
  eth2 MAC address: 00:0C:42:6F:95:00
 +
  eth3 MAC address: 00:0C:42:6F:95:01
 +
 +
press any key to continue...
  
−
    dhcp-boot=/tftpboot/openwrt.elf,boothost,192.168.0.6
 
  
−
Finally restart dnsmasq
+
Restart dnsmasq
  
 
  /etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart  
 
  /etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart  
  
−
You will probably need to set the IP of the interface manually:
+
Jika diperlukan kita dapat menset IP dari interface secara manual, misalnya:
  
−
  sudo ip addr add 192.168.6.1/24 dev eth0
+
  sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.6/24 dev eth0
 +
sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.6
  
−
==Setup the Target==
+
==Setup Target==
  
−
Install
+
Install screen untuk komunikasi serial melalui RS232
  
 
  apt-get install screen
 
  apt-get install screen
  
−
Cara loginnya
+
Sambungkan kabel serial RS232 antara laptop / PC ke Mikrotik RB433 . Jalankan di terminal
  
 
  screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200,cs8,-ixon,-ixoff
 
  screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200,cs8,-ixon,-ixoff
  
 +
Langkah yang perlu dilakukan:
  
−
* Connect to the serial port with a null modem cable (115200, 8N1).
+
* Sambungkan ke serial port dengan kabel serial (115200, 8N1).
−
* Press a key shortly after powering the board.
+
* Tekan tombol apapun setelah board dinyalakan.
−
* Press o to change the boot device
+
* Tekan o to change the boot device
−
* Press e to boot from ethernet in the future.
+
* Tekan e to boot from ethernet in the future.
−
* Press x to leave setup (-o-e-x is needed only once, the boot method is saved in non-volatile memory)
+
* Tekan x untk keluar dari setup (-o-e-x is needed only once, the boot method is saved in non-volatile memory)
−
 
+
* CATATAN: untuk mengembalikan boot ke NAND tekan -o-o-x
−
 
 
−
Untuk memperbaiki
 
−
tekan o - o - x
 
−
 
 
  
 +
Akan keluar
  
 
  RouterBOOT booter 3.02
 
  RouterBOOT booter 3.02
Line 105: Line 120:
 
  Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
 
  Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
  
−
 
+
Jika semua benar akan tampak kira-kira seperti:
−
 
 
−
If everything is setup correctly it should look like:
 
−
 
 
  
  
 
  RouterBOOT booter 2.16
 
  RouterBOOT booter 2.16
−
 
+
 
  RouterBoard 433AH
 
  RouterBoard 433AH
−
 
+
 
  CPU frequency: 680 MHz
 
  CPU frequency: 680 MHz
 
   Memory size: 128 MB
 
   Memory size: 128 MB
−
 
+
 
  Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
 
  Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
 
  trying bootp protocol.......... OK
 
  trying bootp protocol.......... OK
−
  Got IP address: 192.168.6.101
+
  Got IP address: 192.168.1.100
−
  resolved mac address 4E:80:00:00:00:00
+
  resolved mac address 00:0C:42:72:E0:41
−
  Gateway: 192.168.6.1
+
  Gateway: 192.168.1.6
 
  transfer started ................................... transfer ok, time=7.16s
 
  transfer started ................................... transfer ok, time=7.16s
 
  setting up elf image... OK
 
  setting up elf image... OK
Line 129: Line 141:
 
  console [early0] enabled
 
  console [early0] enabled
 
  ...
 
  ...
−
 
+
procd: - init complete -
−
 
+
[  12.270000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth1: link is not ready
−
 
+
[  12.270000] device eth1 entered promiscuous mode
−
  RouterBOOT booter 3.02
+
[  12.280000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): br-lan: link is not ready
 +
[  12.310000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
 +
[  12.460000] eth0: link up (100Mbps/Full duplex)
 +
[  12.460000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
 +
[  13.780000] eth1: link up (100Mbps/Full duplex)
 +
[  13.780000] br-lan: port 1(eth1) entered forwarding state
 +
[  13.790000] br-lan: port 1(eth1) entered forwarding state
 +
[  13.790000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth1: link becomes ready
 +
[  13.820000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): br-lan: link becomes ready
 +
  [  15.790000] br-lan: port 1(eth1) entered forwarding state
 
   
 
   
−
  RouterBoard 433AH
+
  BusyBox v1.19.4 (2013-12-18 06:16:05 WIB) built-in shell (ash)
 +
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.
 
   
 
   
−
CPU frequency: 680 MHz
+
   _______                    ________        __
−
   Memory size: 128 MiB
+
  |      |.-----.-----.-----.|  |  |  |.----.|  |_
−
    NAND size: 128 MiB
+
  |  -  ||  _ |  -__|    ||  |  |  ||  _||  _|
−
+
  |_______||  __|_____|__|__||________||__| |____|
−
Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
+
          |__| W I R E L E S S  F R E E D O M
−
trying bootp protocol.... OK
+
  -----------------------------------------------------
−
  Got IP address: 192.168.0.100
+
  BARRIER BREAKER (Bleeding Edge, r39125)
−
  resolved mac address 00:03:0D:E3:DB:76
+
  -----------------------------------------------------
−
Gateway: 192.168.0.6
+
  * 1/2 oz Galliano        Pour all ingredients into
−
  transfer started  ........................................................................................
+
  * 4 oz cold Coffee        an irish coffee mug filled
 +
  * 1 1/2 oz Dark Rum      with crushed ice. Stir.
 +
  * 2 tsp. Creme de Cacao
 +
  -----------------------------------------------------
 +
  root@OpenWrt:/#
  
−
==Permanent Installation==
+
==Instalasi Permanen==
  
−
You need a working netboot first, see above. Please note also that you cannot reflash from a previous OpenWrt installation, you need the netboot in any case.
+
Untuk melakukan instalasi permanen, kita perlu masuk menggunakan netboot melalui BOOTP & TFTP
 +
seperti di atas.
 +
Kita tidak bisa me-reflash dari instalasi [[OpenWRT]] sebelumnya,
 +
flash hanya bisa dilakukan melalui netboot.
  
 
==Target Image==
 
==Target Image==
  
−
If you want to use the same trunk image as the netboot image (cf. above), you need to have the tar.gz target selected in the Target Images menu and rebuild if you didn't select it before. You can also use one of the pre-built images (tested with 12.09-rc2); in the download area, browse the ar71xx/nand/ directory and pick the two following files:
+
Buat target Image Untuk flash NAND Mikrotik RB433. Pastikan make menuconfig ada
 +
 
 +
Target System > Atheros AR7xxx/AR9xxx
 +
Subtarget > Mikrotik devices with NAND flash
 +
Target Profile > Atheros WiFi (ath5k)
 +
Target Images >
 +
        cpio.gz
 +
        tar.gz
 +
        ext4
 +
        jffs2
 +
        squashfs
 +
        GZip images
 +
 
 +
Cara membuat binary ramdisk di terangkan di [[OpenWRT: Build Firmware Mikrotik RB433 | Cara Membuat Firmware OpenWRT Mikrotik RB433]]. File yang dperlukan untuk me-flash NAND adalah
  
 
* openwrt-ar71xx-nand-rootfs.tar.gz
 
* openwrt-ar71xx-nand-rootfs.tar.gz
 
* openwrt-ar71xx-nand-vmlinux-lzma.elf
 
* openwrt-ar71xx-nand-vmlinux-lzma.elf
  
−
If you don't have many devices to install and your netbooted system can access the Internet, you can probably pass the download URL directly to wget2nand as well, that will save you the web server configuration step (see below).
+
Untuk OpenWRT versi baru kemungkinan adalah
 +
 
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-Ath5k-rootfs.tar.gz
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-lzma.elf
 +
 
 +
Supaya aman sebaiknya semua file berikut di letakan di web
 +
 
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-Ath5k-rootfs.tar.gz
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-root.squashfs
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-root.squashfs-64k
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.bin
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.elf
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.gz
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.lzma
 +
* openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-lzma.elf
  
 
==Save your RouterOS license key==
 
==Save your RouterOS license key==
Line 178: Line 234:
 
Then copy-paste the text in a file on your computer. The differences between the obtained key file and a key exported with Winbox are that the SoftwareID line is not present in the latter, and there are no empty lines, so you should probably delete all the empty lines in your file prior to import it for a new installation; the SoftwareID line should not bother the installer (untested).
 
Then copy-paste the text in a file on your computer. The differences between the obtained key file and a key exported with Winbox are that the SoftwareID line is not present in the latter, and there are no empty lines, so you should probably delete all the empty lines in your file prior to import it for a new installation; the SoftwareID line should not bother the installer (untested).
  
−
==Erase the NAND Flash==
+
==Format NAND Flash==
  
−
If you want to install OpenWrt permanently into the NAND flash you once need to erase the NAND flash to get rid of the RouterOS stuff:
+
Jika kita ingin menginstalasi OpenWRT secara permanen ke NAND flash.
 +
Kita perlu memformat NAND flash untuk membuang semua RouterOS.
  
−
* connect via serial line
+
Caranya:
−
* press a key shortly after powering the RB433 up
 
−
* press e and type yes to format the flash from the bootloader
 
  
−
==Setup the Host==
+
* Sambung melalui kabel serial.
 +
* Tekan keyboard setelah RB433 nyala.
 +
* Tekan e dan ketik yes untuk memformat flash dari bootloader.
  
−
An HTTP web server is required on the host, e.g. mini-httpd in Ubuntu. Install the mini-httpd web server
+
==Setup Apache Web Server Lokal==
  
−
sudo apt-get install mini-httpd
+
[[Instalasi Apache | Setup Apache Web Server Lokal di laptop / PC]].
 +
Kemudian sebagai user biasa yang mengcompile OpenWRT, lakukan:
  
−
In /etc/default/mini-httpd change
+
rm /var/www/index*
 +
cp ~/openwrt.trunk/trunk/bin/ar71xx/* /var/www
 +
sudo chmod 777 /var/www
 +
mv openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-Ath5k-rootfs.tar.gz openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-rootfs.tar.gz
  
−
    Start daemon
+
Jika perintah mv di atas tidak dilakukan, maka akan terjadi kesalahan berikut
  
−
    START=1
+
Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80)
 +
kernel              100% |*******************************|  1047k  0:00:00 ETA
 +
Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80)
 +
wget: server returned error: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
 +
Unable to download http://192.168.1.6/openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-rootfs.tar.gz
  
−
In /etc/mini-httpd.conf change
 
  
−
    On which host mini_httpd should bind
+
==Install OpenWrt ke NAND Flash==
  
−
host=192.168.6.1
+
Lakukan:
  
−
    Run in chroot mode
+
* netboot
 +
* Tekan ENTER Untuk memperoleh shell.
 +
* Lakukan
  
−
  chroot
+
  ping 192.168.1.6
  
−
    Where are the web files stored
+
Pastikan ada sambungan, jika tidak kadang kala bisa di atasi dengan mematikan br-lan
  
−
  data_dir=/home/openwrt/rb433uah/bin/ar71xx/
+
  ifconfig br-lan down
  
−
Restart the mini-httpd web server
 
  
−
sudo /etc/init.d/mini-httpd restart
+
Alternatif lain, pindahkan kabel LAN dari laptop / PC ke LAN RB433 yang bukan PoE. Pastikan ada sambungan ke laptop / PC.
  
−
Install OpenWrt into Flash
+
ping 192.168.1.6
  
−
    Start netboot (see above).
+
Kemudian
−
    Press ENTER to get a shell prompt.
 
−
    Execute:
 
  
−
wget2nand http://192.168.6.1
+
wget2nand http://192.168.1.6
  
−
This script will set an IP address via dhcp on br-lan. The output should look like:
+
Script ini akan melakukan transfer melalui br-lan, dengan tampilan
  
−
  root@OpenWrt:/# wget2nand http://192.168.6.254
+
 
−
  Connecting to 192.168.6.254 (192.168.6.254:80)
+
  root@OpenWrt:/# wget2nand http://192.168.1.6
 +
  Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80)
 
  kernel              100% |*******************************|  1041k  0:00:00 ETA
 
  kernel              100% |*******************************|  1041k  0:00:00 ETA
−
  Connecting to 192.168.6.254 (192.168.6.254:80)
+
  Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80)
 
  rootfs.tgz          100% |*******************************|  4243k  0:00:00 ETA
 
  rootfs.tgz          100% |*******************************|  4243k  0:00:00 ETA
 
  Erasing filesystem...
 
  Erasing filesystem...
Line 251: Line 315:
 
  ./usr/lib/opkg/
 
  ./usr/lib/opkg/
 
  …
 
  …
−
  ./proc/
+
  ./bin/vi
−
  ./sys/
+
  ./bin/mv
−
  ./www/
+
  ./bin/touch
−
  ./root/
+
  ./bin/mknod
−
  ./var
+
  ./bin/sed
 +
./bin/chmod
 +
./bin/sync
 +
./bin/zcat
 +
./bin/netstat
 +
./bin/lock
 +
./bin/ubus
 +
./bin/sleep
 +
./bin/gunzip
 +
./bin/gzip
 
  Cleaning up...
 
  Cleaning up...
 
  Image written, you can now reboot.  Remember to change the boot source to Boot from Nand
 
  Image written, you can now reboot.  Remember to change the boot source to Boot from Nand
  
−
==Reboot the RB433 and change the boot source to NAND.==
+
==Ubah Boot Source==
  
−
==USB Ports==
+
* Sambungkan ke serial port dengan kabel serial (115200, 8N1).
−
 
+
* Tekan tombol sembarang setelah board RB433 dinyalakan.
−
To have the USB ports work on the RB433UAH, you need to install the kmod-usb2 package, as explained on the USB Basic Support page. See also the USB Overview page.
+
* Tekan o ubah boot device
 +
* Tekan o boot dari NAND flash
 +
* Tekan x untk keluar dari setup
  
 
==Referensi==
 
==Referensi==
Line 277: Line 352:
 
* [[OpenWRT: Source Repository Download]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Source Repository Download]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Melihat Daftar Package]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Melihat Daftar Package]]
 +
* [[OpenWRT: Mengembalikan setting default Config.in]]
  
 
===Build Firmware===
 
===Build Firmware===
Line 295: Line 371:
 
* [[OpenWRT: Build Firmware Linksys WRT160NL]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Build Firmware Linksys WRT160NL]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Build Firmware Linksys WRT54GL]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Build Firmware Linksys WRT54GL]]
−
* [[OpenWRT: Build Firmware Mikrotik RB433]]
 
  
 
===APRX===
 
===APRX===
Line 301: Line 376:
  
 
* [[OpenWRT: Build Firmware Buffalo WZRHPG300NH2 untuk APRX]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Build Firmware Buffalo WZRHPG300NH2 untuk APRX]]
 +
* [[OpenWRT: Setup APRX]]
  
 
===IPv6===
 
===IPv6===
Line 331: Line 407:
 
* [[OpenWRT: Setup PPTP VPN Server]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Setup PPTP VPN Server]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Setup OLSR di UBNT via CLI]] '''RECOMMENDED'''
 
* [[OpenWRT: Setup OLSR di UBNT via CLI]] '''RECOMMENDED'''
−
* [[OpenWRT: Mikrotik RB433]]
+
* [[OpenWRT: Mikrotik RB433]] '''RECOMMENDED'''
 
* [[OpenWRT: Setup OLSR Sederhana]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Setup OLSR Sederhana]]
 +
* [[OpenWRT: Setup OLSR via Web]] '''RECOMMENDED'''
 
* [[OLSR - di OpenWRT]]
 
* [[OLSR - di OpenWRT]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: 3G modem]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: 3G modem]]
Line 338: Line 415:
 
* [[OpenWRT: Setup Firewall]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Setup Firewall]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Konfigurasi UBNT NanoStation2 tanpa WebGUI]]
 
* [[OpenWRT: Konfigurasi UBNT NanoStation2 tanpa WebGUI]]
 +
* [[OpenWRT: OLSR nameservice plugin]]
  
 
===UBNT===
 
===UBNT===
Line 345: Line 423:
 
* [[UBNT: Upload Firmware]]
 
* [[UBNT: Upload Firmware]]
 
* [[UBNT: Rebuild Firmware]]
 
* [[UBNT: Rebuild Firmware]]
−
* [[UBNT: firmware dengan OLSR]]
+
* [[UBNT: firmware dengan OLSR]]25
 
* [[UBNT: openwrt]]
 
* [[UBNT: openwrt]]
 
* [[UBNT: olsr dengan openwrt]]
 
* [[UBNT: olsr dengan openwrt]]
 
* [[UBNT: olsr dengan kamikaze openwrt]]
 
* [[UBNT: olsr dengan kamikaze openwrt]]
−
* [[UBNT: olsr dengan backfire openwrt]] '''RECOMMENDED'''
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* [[UBNT: olsr dengan backfire openwrt]]
 
* [[UBNT: UniFi]]
 
* [[UBNT: UniFi]]
 
* [[UBNT: UniFi Konfigurasi Awal]]
 
* [[UBNT: UniFi Konfigurasi Awal]]

Latest revision as of 05:25, 24 January 2014

Gambaran umum tiga langkah cara instalasi:

  • Boot board dengan OpenWRT dari jaringan (netboot): server DHCP dan TFTP dibutuhkan di host.
  • Instal OpenWRT ke internal flash dengan wget2nand: server HTTP atau FTP dibutuhkan di host.
  • Reboot dengan instalasi baru, lakukan konfigurasi dll.

Netboot

bootloader dari RB433 mampu untuk meload image dalam format elf melalui BOOTP ke RAM dan menjalankannya.


Build Image

Kita perlu mendownload OpenWRT trunk. Di menuconfig pilih:

  • Target System: Atheros AR7xxx/AR9xxx
  • Subtarget: Devices with NAND flash (mostly Mikrotik)
  • Target Images: ramdisk (juga tar.gz jika kita berencana untuk menginstalasi secara permanen dengan image yang sama).

Buat versi ram disk. Cara membuat binary ramdisk di terangkan di Cara Membuat Firmware OpenWRT Mikrotik RB433. Jika sudah ada binary-nya copy ke directory tftp-root, misalnya. 

sudo mkdir -p /tftpboot
sudo cp openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-initramfs.elf /tftpboot/openwrt.elf
sudo chmod -Rf 777 /tftpboot/

Setup Host

Kita membutuhkan server BOOTP dan TFTP di host, yang paling mudah adalah menggunakan dnsmasq, karena dapat memberikan dua layanan tersebut sekaligus. Install menggunakan perintah: 

sudo apt-get install dnsmasq

Ubah dnsmasq.conf 

vi /etc/dnsmasq.conf

Misalnya menggunakan parameter 

interface=eth0
dhcp-range=192.168.1.50,192.168.1.150,12h
# dhcp-host=00:0C:42:XX:XX:XX,192.168.6.101 # ubah menggunakan MAC board Mikrotik yang kita gunakan
dhcp-host=00:0C:42:72:E0:41,192.168.1.100
enable-tftp
tftp-root=/tftpboot
dhcp-boot=/tftpboot/openwrt.elf,boothost,192.168.1.6


dhcp-host penting untuk di set. Jika ini tidak diset maka RB433 tidak akan menerima firmware dari laptop. Masalahnya kita harus mengetahui MAC address RB433 yang kita gunakan. Paling gampang menggunakan serial 

RouterBOOT booter 3.02

RouterBoard 433AH

CPU frequency: 680 MHz
  Memory size: 128 MiB
    NAND size: 128 MiB

Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..

tekan i dua kali 

your choice: i - board info

Board Info:

        Board type: 433AH
     Serial number: 3D7701B2CD48
  Firmware version: 3.10
     CPU frequency: 680 MHz
       Memory size: 128 MiB
         NAND size: 128 MiB
        Build time: 2013-09-16 09:35:49
  eth1 MAC address: 00:0C:42:6F:95:FF
  eth2 MAC address: 00:0C:42:6F:95:00
  eth3 MAC address: 00:0C:42:6F:95:01

press any key to continue...


Restart dnsmasq 

/etc/init.d/dnsmasq restart

Jika diperlukan kita dapat menset IP dari interface secara manual, misalnya: 

sudo ip addr add 192.168.1.6/24 dev eth0
sudo ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.6

Setup Target

Install screen untuk komunikasi serial melalui RS232 

apt-get install screen

Sambungkan kabel serial RS232 antara laptop / PC ke Mikrotik RB433 . Jalankan di terminal 

screen /dev/ttyUSB0 115200,cs8,-ixon,-ixoff

Langkah yang perlu dilakukan:

  • Sambungkan ke serial port dengan kabel serial (115200, 8N1).
  • Tekan tombol apapun setelah board dinyalakan.
  • Tekan o to change the boot device
  • Tekan e to boot from ethernet in the future.
  • Tekan x untk keluar dari setup (-o-e-x is needed only once, the boot method is saved in non-volatile memory)
  • CATATAN: untuk mengembalikan boot ke NAND tekan -o-o-x

Akan keluar 

RouterBOOT booter 3.02

RouterBoard 433AH

CPU frequency: 680 MHz
  Memory size: 128 MiB
    NAND size: 128 MiB

Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..

Jika semua benar akan tampak kira-kira seperti: 


RouterBOOT booter 2.16

RouterBoard 433AH

CPU frequency: 680 MHz
  Memory size: 128 MB

Press any key within 2 seconds to enter setup..
trying bootp protocol.......... OK
Got IP address: 192.168.1.100
resolved mac address 00:0C:42:72:E0:41
Gateway: 192.168.1.6
transfer started ................................... transfer ok, time=7.16s
setting up elf image... OK
jumping to kernel code
Linux version 2.6.26.7 (joerga@thinkpad) (gcc version 4.1.2) #2 Mon Nov 10 11:23:37 CET 2008
console [early0] enabled
...
procd: - init complete -
[   12.270000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth1: link is not ready
[   12.270000] device eth1 entered promiscuous mode
[   12.280000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): br-lan: link is not ready
[   12.310000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
[   12.460000] eth0: link up (100Mbps/Full duplex)
[   12.460000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth0: link becomes ready
[   13.780000] eth1: link up (100Mbps/Full duplex)
[   13.780000] br-lan: port 1(eth1) entered forwarding state
[   13.790000] br-lan: port 1(eth1) entered forwarding state
[   13.790000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): eth1: link becomes ready
[   13.820000] IPv6: ADDRCONF(NETDEV_CHANGE): br-lan: link becomes ready
[   15.790000] br-lan: port 1(eth1) entered forwarding state

BusyBox v1.19.4 (2013-12-18 06:16:05 WIB) built-in shell (ash)
Enter 'help' for a list of built-in commands.

  _______                     ________        __
 |       |.-----.-----.-----.|  |  |  |.----.|  |_
 |   -   ||  _  |  -__|     ||  |  |  ||   _||   _|
 |_______||   __|_____|__|__||________||__|  |____|
          |__| W I R E L E S S   F R E E D O M
 -----------------------------------------------------
 BARRIER BREAKER (Bleeding Edge, r39125)
 -----------------------------------------------------
  * 1/2 oz Galliano         Pour all ingredients into
  * 4 oz cold Coffee        an irish coffee mug filled
  * 1 1/2 oz Dark Rum       with crushed ice. Stir.
  * 2 tsp. Creme de Cacao
 -----------------------------------------------------
root@OpenWrt:/#

Instalasi Permanen

Untuk melakukan instalasi permanen, kita perlu masuk menggunakan netboot melalui BOOTP & TFTP seperti di atas. Kita tidak bisa me-reflash dari instalasi OpenWRT sebelumnya, flash hanya bisa dilakukan melalui netboot.

Target Image

Buat target Image Untuk flash NAND Mikrotik RB433. Pastikan make menuconfig ada 

Target System > Atheros AR7xxx/AR9xxx
Subtarget > Mikrotik devices with NAND flash
Target Profile > Atheros WiFi (ath5k) 
Target Images >
       cpio.gz 
       tar.gz
       ext4
       jffs2
       squashfs
       GZip images

Cara membuat binary ramdisk di terangkan di Cara Membuat Firmware OpenWRT Mikrotik RB433. File yang dperlukan untuk me-flash NAND adalah

  • openwrt-ar71xx-nand-rootfs.tar.gz
  • openwrt-ar71xx-nand-vmlinux-lzma.elf

Untuk OpenWRT versi baru kemungkinan adalah

  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-Ath5k-rootfs.tar.gz
  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-lzma.elf

Supaya aman sebaiknya semua file berikut di letakan di web

  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-Ath5k-rootfs.tar.gz
  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-root.squashfs
  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-root.squashfs-64k
  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.bin
  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.elf
  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.gz
  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux.lzma
  • openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-vmlinux-lzma.elf

Save your RouterOS license key

If you have access to the MikroTik's Winbox software, you can export the license file from System→Licence, as stated on the RouterBoard 411 page.

Otherwise, boot RouterOS and export the key to a file: 

/system license output

Then list the files on your device to see which file the .key file was saved: 

/file print

On a fresh install, the key file should be #1 (or #0 on a RB433UAH); to open the editor with file #1, type: 

/file edit 1 value-name=contents

Then copy-paste the text in a file on your computer. The differences between the obtained key file and a key exported with Winbox are that the SoftwareID line is not present in the latter, and there are no empty lines, so you should probably delete all the empty lines in your file prior to import it for a new installation; the SoftwareID line should not bother the installer (untested).

Format NAND Flash

Jika kita ingin menginstalasi OpenWRT secara permanen ke NAND flash. Kita perlu memformat NAND flash untuk membuang semua RouterOS.

Caranya:

  • Sambung melalui kabel serial.
  • Tekan keyboard setelah RB433 nyala.
  • Tekan e dan ketik yes untuk memformat flash dari bootloader.

Setup Apache Web Server Lokal

Setup Apache Web Server Lokal di laptop / PC. Kemudian sebagai user biasa yang mengcompile OpenWRT, lakukan: 

rm /var/www/index*
cp ~/openwrt.trunk/trunk/bin/ar71xx/* /var/www
sudo chmod 777 /var/www
mv openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-Ath5k-rootfs.tar.gz openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-rootfs.tar.gz

Jika perintah mv di atas tidak dilakukan, maka akan terjadi kesalahan berikut 

Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80)
kernel               100% |*******************************|  1047k  0:00:00 ETA
Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80)
wget: server returned error: HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found
Unable to download http://192.168.1.6/openwrt-ar71xx-mikrotik-rootfs.tar.gz


Install OpenWrt ke NAND Flash

Lakukan:

  • netboot
  • Tekan ENTER Untuk memperoleh shell.
  • Lakukan
ping 192.168.1.6

Pastikan ada sambungan, jika tidak kadang kala bisa di atasi dengan mematikan br-lan 

ifconfig br-lan down


Alternatif lain, pindahkan kabel LAN dari laptop / PC ke LAN RB433 yang bukan PoE. Pastikan ada sambungan ke laptop / PC. 

ping 192.168.1.6

Kemudian 

wget2nand http://192.168.1.6

Script ini akan melakukan transfer melalui br-lan, dengan tampilan 


root@OpenWrt:/# wget2nand http://192.168.1.6
Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80)
kernel               100% |*******************************|  1041k  0:00:00 ETA
Connecting to 192.168.1.6 (192.168.1.6:80)
rootfs.tgz           100% |*******************************|  4243k  0:00:00 ETA
Erasing filesystem...
[  137.110000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00002240
[  137.140000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00003ac0
[  137.180000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00005d40
[  137.620000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00026a80
[  137.850000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x000373c0
[  137.860000] nand_erase_nand: attempt to erase a bad block at page 0x00037440
[  138.000000] yaffs: dev is 32505861 name is "mtdblock5" rw
[  138.000000] yaffs: passed flags ""
[  138.020000] yaffs: dev is 32505862 name is "mtdblock6" rw
[  138.020000] yaffs: passed flags ""
Mounting /dev/mtdblock6 as new root and /dev/mtdblock5 as kernel partition
Copying kernel...
Preparing filesystem...
./
./tmp/
./usr/
./usr/lib/
./usr/lib/opkg/
…
./bin/vi
./bin/mv
./bin/touch
./bin/mknod
./bin/sed
./bin/chmod
./bin/sync
./bin/zcat
./bin/netstat
./bin/lock
./bin/ubus
./bin/sleep
./bin/gunzip
./bin/gzip
Cleaning up...
Image written, you can now reboot.  Remember to change the boot source to Boot from Nand

Ubah Boot Source

  • Sambungkan ke serial port dengan kabel serial (115200, 8N1).
  • Tekan tombol sembarang setelah board RB433 dinyalakan.
  • Tekan o ubah boot device
  • Tekan o boot dari NAND flash
  • Tekan x untk keluar dari setup

Referensi

Pranala Menarik

Build Firmware

APRX

IPv6

Flash Firmware

Misc

UBNT

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