Ubuntu Bonding Network Interface
Daftar Isi
Installation For Ubuntu 12.10 Interface Configuration Step 1: Ensure kernel support Step 2: Configure network interfaces Checking the bonding interface Bringing up/down Bounded interface Ethernet Bonding modes Descriptions of bonding modes Bonding, also called port trunking or link aggregation means combining several network interfaces (NICs) to a single link, providing either high-availability, load-balancing, maximum throughput, or a combination of these.
Installation ifenslave is used to attach and detach slave network interfaces to a bonding device.
sudo apt-get install ifenslave
For Ubuntu 12.10
The package to install is ifenslave-2.6, so:
sudo apt-get install ifenslave-2.6
Interface Configuration
Step 1: Ensure kernel support
Before Ubuntu can configure your network cards into a NIC bond, you need to ensure that the correct kernel module bonding is present, and loaded at boot time.
Edit your /etc/modules configuration:
sudo vi /etc/modules Ensure that the bonding module is loaded:
- /etc/modules: kernel modules to load at boot time.
- This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
- at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.
loop lp rtc bonding Step 2: Configure network interfaces Ensure that your network is brought down:
sudo stop networking Then load the bonding kernel module:
sudo modprobe bonding Now you are ready to configure your NICs.
A general guideline is to:
Pick which available NICs will be part of the bond. Configure all other NICs as usual Configure all bonded NICs: To be manually configured To join the named bond-master Configure the bond NIC as if it were a normal NIC Add bonding-specific parameters to the bond NIC as follows. Edit your interfaces configuration:
sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
For example, to combine eth0 and eth1 as slaves to your bonding interface:
- eth0 is manually configured, and slave to the "bond0" bonded NIC
auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual bond-master bond0
- eth1 ditto, thus creating a 2-link bond.
auto eth1 iface eth1 inet manual bond-master bond0
- bond0 is the bonded NIC and can be used like any other normal NIC.
- bond0 is configured using static network information.
auto bond0 iface bond0 inet static address 192.168.1.10 gateway 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0
- bond0 uses standard IEEE 802.3ad LACP bonding protocol
bond-mode 802.3ad bond-miimon 100 bond-lacp-rate 1 bond-slaves none
For bonding-specific networking options please consult the documentation available at BondingModuleDocumentation.
Finally, bring up your network again:
sudo start networking Checking the bonding interface Link information is available under /proc/net/bonding/. To check bond0 for example:
- cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.5.0 (November 4, 2008)
Bonding Mode: IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation Transmit Hash Policy: layer2 (0) MII Status: up MII Polling Interval (ms): 100 Up Delay (ms): 0 Down Delay (ms): 0
802.3ad info LACP rate: fast Aggregator selection policy (ad_select): stable bond bond0 has no active aggregator
Slave Interface: eth1 MII Status: up Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f5:b7:11 Aggregator ID: N/A
Slave Interface: eth2 MII Status: up Link Failure Count: 0 Permanent HW addr: 00:0c:29:f5:b7:1b Aggregator ID: N/A Bringing up/down Bounded interface To bring the bounded interface, run
ifup bond0
To bring down a bounded interface, run
ifdown bond0
Ethernet Bonding modes
Ethernet bonding has different modes you can use. You specify the mode for your bonding interface in /etc/network/interfaces. For example:
bond-mode active-backup
Descriptions of bonding modes
Mode 0
balance-rr
Round-robin policy: Transmit packets in sequential order from the first available slave through the last. This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.
Mode 1 active-backup
Active-backup policy: Only one slave in the bond is active. A different slave becomes active if, and only if, the active slave fails. The bond's MAC address is externally visible on only one port (network adapter) to avoid confusing the switch. This mode provides fault tolerance. The primary option affects the behavior of this mode.
Mode 2 balance-xor
XOR policy: Transmit based on [(source MAC address XOR'd with destination MAC address) modulo slave count]. This selects the same slave for each destination MAC address. This mode provides load balancing and fault tolerance.
Mode 3 broadcast
Broadcast policy: transmits everything on all slave interfaces. This mode provides fault tolerance.
Mode 4 802.3ad
IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. Creates aggregation groups that share the same speed and duplex settings. Utilizes all slaves in the active aggregator according to the 802.3ad specification.
Prerequisites:
Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed and duplex of each slave. A switch that supports IEEE 802.3ad Dynamic link aggregation. Most switches will require some type of configuration to enable 802.3ad mode. Mode 5 balance-tlb
Adaptive transmit load balancing: channel bonding that does not require any special switch support. The outgoing traffic is distributed according to the current load (computed relative to the speed) on each slave. Incoming traffic is received by the current slave. If the receiving slave fails, another slave takes over the MAC address of the failed receiving slave.
Prerequisites:
Ethtool support in the base drivers for retrieving the speed of each slave. Mode 6 balance-alb
Adaptive load balancing: includes balance-tlb plus receive load balancing (rlb) for IPV4 traffic, and does not require any special switch support. The receive load balancing is achieved by ARP negotiation. The bonding driver intercepts the ARP Replies sent by the local system on their way out and overwrites the source hardware address with the unique hardware address of one of the slaves in the bond such that different peers use different hardware addresses for the server.