Apache: aktifkan HTTPS
ntroduction
TLS, or transport layer security, and its predecessor SSL, secure sockets layer, are secure protocols created in order to place normal traffic in a protected, encrypted wrapper.
These protocols allow traffic to be sent safely between remote parties without the possibility of the traffic being intercepted and read by someone in the middle. They are also instrumental in validating the identity of domains and servers throughout the internet by establishing a server as trusted and genuine by a certificate authority.
In this guide, we'll cover how to create a self-signed SSL certificate for Apache on an Ubuntu 14.04 server, which will allow you to encrypt traffic to your server. While this does not provide the benefit of third party validation of your server's identity, it fulfills the requirements of those simply wanting to transfer information securely.
Note: You may want to consider using Let's Encrypt instead of a self-signed certificate. Let's Encrypt is a new certificate authority that issues free SSL/TLS certificates that are trusted in most web browsers. Check out the tutorial to get started: How To Secure Apache with Let's Encrypt on Ubuntu 14.04 Prerequisites
Before you begin, you should have some configuration already taken care of.
We will be operating as a non-root user with sudo privileges in this guide. You can set one up by following steps 1-4 in our Ubuntu 14.04 initial server setup guide.
Install Apache
instalasi
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install apache2
Aktifkan SSL module
enable
sudo a2enmod ssl
restart apache
sudo service apache2 restart
Buat Self-Signed SSL Certificate
buat folder
sudo mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl
buat certificate
sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key -out /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt
isi dengan
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:ID State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:DKI Locality Name (eg, city) []:Jakarta Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:ORGANISASI-ANDA Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:RND Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:organisasi-anda.id Email Address []:onno@organisasi-anda.id
Beberapa informasi tambahan
- openssl: This is the basic command line tool provided by OpenSSL to create and manage certificates, keys, signing requests, etc.
- req: This specifies a subcommand for X.509 certificate signing request (CSR) management. X.509 is a public key infrastructure standard that SSL adheres to for its key and certificate managment. Since we are wanting to create a new X.509 certificate, this is what we want.
- -x509: This option specifies that we want to make a self-signed certificate file instead of generating a certificate request.
- -nodes: This option tells OpenSSL that we do not wish to secure our key file with a passphrase. Having a password protected key file would get in the way of Apache starting automatically as we would have to enter the password every time the service restarts.
- -days 365: This specifies that the certificate we are creating will be valid for one year.
- -newkey rsa:2048: This option will create the certificate request and a new private key at the same time. This is necessary since we didn't create a private key in advance. The rsa:2048 tells OpenSSL to generate an RSA key that is 2048 bits long.
- -keyout: This parameter names the output file for the private key file that is being created.
- -out: This option names the output file for the certificate that we are generating.
Konfigurasi apache untuk menggunakan SSL
The key and certificate will be created and placed in your /etc/apache2/ssl directory. Step Three — Configure Apache to Use SSL
Now that we have our certificate and key available, we can configure Apache to use these files in a virtual host file. You can learn more about how to set up Apache virtual hosts here.
Instead of basing our configuration file off of the 000-default.conf file in the sites-available subdirectory, we're going to base this configuration on the default-ssl.conf file that contains some default SSL configuration.
Open the file with root privileges now:
sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf
With the comments removed, the file looks something like this:
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>
<Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>
BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
Kita perlu mengkonfigurasi
- ServerAdmin
- ServerName
- ServerAlias
- DocumentRoot
- lokasi Apache SSL certificate & key
Tampilan akhirnya,
<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
<VirtualHost _default_:443>
ServerAdmin admin@example.com
ServerName your_domain.com
ServerAlias www.your_domain.com
DocumentRoot /var/www/html
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
SSLEngine on
SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key
<FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</FilesMatch>
<Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
</Directory>
BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown
</VirtualHost>
</IfModule>
Aktifkan SSL Virtual Host
enable
sudo a2ensite default-ssl.conf
restart
sudo service apache2 restart
Test Setup
browse ke
https://server_domain_name_or_IP
kemungkinan akan dapat warning apache ssl warning :) ...