Apache: aktifkan HTTPS

sumber: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-a-ssl-certificate-on-apache-for-ubuntu-14-04

Agar komunikasi dapat dilakukan dengan aman kita perlu meng-enkripsi komunikasi menggunakan TLS/SSL. Berikut ini adalah caranya di Ubuntu 16.04.

Install Apache

instalasi

sudo apt update
sudo apt -y install apache2

Aktifkan SSL module

enable

sudo a2enmod ssl

restart apache

sudo service apache2 restart

Buat Self-Signed SSL Certificate

buat folder

sudo mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl

buat certificate

sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key -out /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt

isi dengan

Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:ID
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:DKI
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Jakarta
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:ORGANISASI-ANDA
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:RND
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:organisasi-anda.id
Email Address []:onno@organisasi-anda.id

Beberapa informasi tambahan

• openssl: This is the basic command line tool provided by OpenSSL to create and manage certificates, keys, signing requests, etc.
• req: This specifies a subcommand for X.509 certificate signing request (CSR) management. X.509 is a public key infrastructure standard that SSL adheres to for its key and certificate managment. Since we are wanting to create a new X.509 certificate, this is what we want.
• -x509: This option specifies that we want to make a self-signed certificate file instead of generating a certificate request.
• -nodes: This option tells OpenSSL that we do not wish to secure our key file with a passphrase. Having a password protected key file would get in the way of Apache starting automatically as we would have to enter the password every time the service restarts.
• -days 365: This specifies that the certificate we are creating will be valid for one year.
• -newkey rsa:2048: This option will create the certificate request and a new private key at the same time. This is necessary since we didn't create a private key in advance. The rsa:2048 tells OpenSSL to generate an RSA key that is 2048 bits long.
• -keyout: This parameter names the output file for the private key file that is being created.
• -out: This option names the output file for the certificate that we are generating.

Konfigurasi apache untuk menggunakan SSL

Edit

cd /etc/apache2/sites-available
cp default-ssl.conf default-ssl.conf.asli
sudo vi /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl.conf

Kalau comment dibuang, akan tampak seperti:

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    <VirtualHost _default_:443>
        ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key
        <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
                        SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
        </FilesMatch>
        <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
                        SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
        </Directory>
        BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
                        nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
                        downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
        BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown
    </VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

Kita perlu mengkonfigurasi

• ServerAdmin
• ServerName
• ServerAlias
• DocumentRoot
• PENTING: lokasi Apache SSL certificate & key

SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt
SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key

Tampilan akhirnya,

<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    <VirtualHost _default_:443>
        ServerAdmin admin@example.com
        ServerName your_domain.com
        ServerAlias www.your_domain.com
        DocumentRoot /var/www/html
        ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
        CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined
        SSLEngine on
        SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.crt
        SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.key
        <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$">
                        SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
        </FilesMatch>
        <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin>
                        SSLOptions +StdEnvVars
        </Directory>
        BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \
                        nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \
                        downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0
        BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown
    </VirtualHost>
</IfModule>

Aktifkan SSL Virtual Host

enable

sudo a2ensite default-ssl.conf

restart

sudo service apache2 restart
sudo systemctl reload apache2

Test Setup

browse ke

https://server_domain_name_or_IP
https://192.168.0.100

kemungkinan akan dapat warning apache ssl warning :) ...

Referensi

• https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-create-a-ssl-certificate-on-apache-for-ubuntu-14-04