Difference between revisions of "OSSEC"

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OSSEC adalah salah satu tool yang dapat anda instal di server anda untuk melacak aktivitas tersebut.
 
OSSEC adalah salah satu tool yang dapat anda instal di server anda untuk melacak aktivitas tersebut.
  
−
OSSEC adalah sistem deteksi intrusi berbasis open-source (host-based intrusion detection system / HIDS) yang melakukan analisis log, pengecekan integritas, pemantauan registri Windows, deteksi rootkit, peringatan berbasis waktu, dan respons aktif. Ini bisa digunakan untuk memantau satu server atau ribuan server dalam mode server / agent.
+
OSSEC adalah sistem deteksi intrusi berbasis open-source (host-based intrusion detection system / HIDS) yang melakukan analisis log, pengecekan integritas, pemantauan registri Windows, deteksi rootkit, peringatan berbasis waktu, dan respons aktif. Ini bisa digunakan untuk memantau satu server atau ribuan server dalam mode server / agent. OSSEC run di kebanyakan sistem operasi, termasuk Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, MacOS, Solaris dan Windows.
  
 
Jika dikonfigurasi dengan benar, OSSEC dapat memberi anda tampilan real-time ke dalam apa yang terjadi di server anda.
 
Jika dikonfigurasi dengan benar, OSSEC dapat memberi anda tampilan real-time ke dalam apa yang terjadi di server anda.
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  <!-- Directories to check  (perform all possible verifications) -->
 
  <!-- Directories to check  (perform all possible verifications) -->
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  <directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" check_all="yes">/etc,/usr/bin,/usr/sbin</directories>
+
  <directories '''report_changes="yes" realtime="yes"''' check_all="yes">/etc,/usr/bin,/usr/sbin</directories>
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  <directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" check_all="yes">/bin,/sbin</directories>
+
  <directories '''report_changes="yes" realtime="yes"''' check_all="yes">/bin,/sbin</directories>
  
 
Bisa juga menambahkan directory yang harus di monitor misalnya,
 
Bisa juga menambahkan directory yang harus di monitor misalnya,
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  <directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" check_all="yes">/bin,/sbin</directories>
 
  <directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" check_all="yes">/bin,/sbin</directories>
 
   
 
   
−
  <directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" restrict=".php|.js|.py|.sh|.html" check_all="yes">/home/onno,/var/www</directories>
+
  '''<directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" restrict=".php|.js|.py|.sh|.html" check_all="yes">/home/onno,/var/www</directories>'''
  
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===Local.rules==
+
===Local.rules===
  
 
Rules & Local rules ada di
 
Rules & Local rules ada di
Line 327: Line 327:
 
Tambahkan
 
Tambahkan
  
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   <rule id="554" level="7" overwrite="yes">
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   <group name="syscheck,">
−
    <category>ossec</category>
+
    <rule id="554" level="7" overwrite="yes">
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    <decoded_as>syscheck_new_entry</decoded_as>
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      <category>ossec</category>
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    <description>File added to the system.</description>
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      <decoded_as>syscheck_new_entry</decoded_as>
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     <group>syscheck,</group>
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      <description>File added to the system.</description>
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   </rule>
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     </rule>
 +
   </group>
  
 
Save file
 
Save file
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  /var/ossec/bin/ossec-control restart
 
  /var/ossec/bin/ossec-control restart
  
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==Step 5 — Trigger File Change Alerts==
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==Step 5 — Coba alert perubahan file==
  
−
And depending on what happens in the directories that OSSEC has been configured to monitor, you should be getting emails that read something like this:
+
Coba buat file, isi, dan delete file,
  
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Now try creating a sample file in /home/sammy
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touch /home/onno/coba.sh
 +
touch /home/onno/index.html
 +
sleep 70
 +
echo "percobaan" > /home/onno/index.html
 +
echo "coba" > /home/onno/coba.sh
 +
sleep 70
 +
rm /home/onno/index.html
 +
rm /home/onno/coba.sh
  
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touch /home/sammy/index.html
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Cek apakah ada email, kira-kira,
  
−
Wait a minute. Add some content:
+
==Referensi==
  
−
nano /home/sammy/index.html
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* https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-ossec-security-notifications-on-ubuntu-14-04
−
 
 
−
Wait a minute. Delete the file:
 
  
−
rm /home/sammy/index.html
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==Pranala Menarik==
  
−
You should start receiving notifications like this:
+
* [[IDS]]
−
 
+
* [[OSSEC]]
−
OSSEC HIDS Notification.
+
* [[OSSEC: Ubuntu 18.04]]
−
2014 Nov 30 18:03:51
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* [[OSSEC: Ubuntu 20.04]]
−
 
+
* [[OSSEC: whitelisting]]
−
Received From: ossec2->syscheck
 
−
Rule: 550 fired (level 7) -> "Integrity checksum changed."
 
−
Portion of the log(s):
 
−
 
 
−
Integrity checksum changed for: '/home/sammy/index.html'
 
−
Size changed from '21' to '46'
 
−
What changed:
 
−
1c1,4
 
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< This is an html file
 
−
---
 
−
 
 
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    <!doctype html> <p>This is an html file</p>
 
−
 
 
−
Old md5sum was: '4473d6ada73de51b5b36748627fa119b'
 
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New md5sum is : 'ef36c42cd7014de95680d656dec62de9'
 
−
Old sha1sum was: '96bd9d685a7d23b20abd7d8231bb215521bcdb6c'
 
−
New sha1sum is : '5ab0f31c32077a23c71c18018a374375edcd0b90'
 
−
 
 
−
Or this:
 
−
 
 
−
OSSEC HIDS Notification.
 
−
2014 Dec 01 10:13:31
 
−
 
 
−
Received From: ossec2->syscheck
 
−
Rule: 554 fired (level 7) -> "File added to the system."
 
−
Portion of the log(s):
 
−
 
 
−
New file '/var/www/header.html' added to the file system.
 
−
 
 
−
    Note: OSSEC does not send out real-time alerts on file additions, only on file modifications and deletions. Alerts on file additions go out after a full system check, which is governed by the frequency check time in ossec.conf.
 
−
 
 
−
    nano /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf
 
−
 
 
−
    Setting for frequency:
 
−
 
 
−
    <syscheck>
 
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        <!-- Frequency that syscheck is executed - default to every 22 hours -->
 
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        <frequency>79200</frequency>
 
−
 
 
−
Again, if you are not getting emails, check your spam, check your /var/ossec/logs/ossec.log, check your mail logs, etc.
 
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Conclusion
 
−
 
 
−
I hope this has given you a taste of what OSSEC has to offer. More advanced setups and configurations are possible, so stay tuned for future articles on how to deploy OSSEC to monitor and protect your servers.
 
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For more information on OSSEC, visit the project's website at http://www.ossec.net/.
 
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==Referensi==
 
−
 
 
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* https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-ossec-security-notifications-on-ubuntu-14-04
 

Latest revision as of 06:13, 11 January 2021

sumber: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-ossec-security-notifications-on-ubuntu-14-04


Intro

Bagaimana anda melacak aktivitas yang sah dan tidak sah di server anda? OSSEC adalah salah satu tool yang dapat anda instal di server anda untuk melacak aktivitas tersebut.

OSSEC adalah sistem deteksi intrusi berbasis open-source (host-based intrusion detection system / HIDS) yang melakukan analisis log, pengecekan integritas, pemantauan registri Windows, deteksi rootkit, peringatan berbasis waktu, dan respons aktif. Ini bisa digunakan untuk memantau satu server atau ribuan server dalam mode server / agent. OSSEC run di kebanyakan sistem operasi, termasuk Linux, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, MacOS, Solaris dan Windows.

Jika dikonfigurasi dengan benar, OSSEC dapat memberi anda tampilan real-time ke dalam apa yang terjadi di server anda.

Apa keuntungan OSSEC?

Di bawah ini contoh email notifikasi dari OSSEC, memperlihatkan ada yang mengubah file /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf. 

OSSEC HIDS Notification.
2014 Nov 29 09:45:15

Received From: kuruji->syscheck
Rule: 552 fired (level 7) -> "Integrity checksum changed again (3rd time)."
Portion of the log(s):

Integrity checksum changed for: '/var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf'
Size changed from '7521' to '7752'

Jika anda menerima peringatan semacam itu, dan anda tidak mengharapkan file itu berubah, berarti anda tahu ada sesuatu yang tidak sah yang terjadi di server anda.

Berikut contoh email peringatan lainnya dari OSSEC, yang menunjukkan bahwa file /etc/ossec/testossec.txt telah dihapus. 

OSSEC HIDS Notification.
2014 Nov 29 10:56:14

Received From: kuruji->syscheck
Rule: 553 fired (level 7) -> "File deleted. Unable to retrieve checksum."
Portion of the log(s):

File /etc/ossec/testossec.txt was deleted. Unable to retrieve checksum.

Sekali lagi, jika anda tidak menghapus file tersebut, anda harus mencari tahu apa yang terjadi pada server anda.

Prasyarat

  • Ubuntu server
  • ssh
  • sudo su

Instalasi aplikasi pendukung 

apt update
apt install postfix make gcc build-essential inotify-tools


Step 1 — Download & Verifikasi OSSEC

cd /usr/local/src
wget -U ossec https://github.com/ossec/ossec-hids/archive/2.9.0.tar.gz

Entah kenapa, versi 2.9.0 tidak ketemu file checksum-nya. Kalau harus cek checksum, contoh versi 2.8.1 

cd /usr/local/src
wget -U ossec http://www.ossec.net/files/ossec-hids-2.8.1.tar.gz
wget -U ossec http://www.ossec.net/files/ossec-hids-2.8.1-checksum.txt

Cek nilai Seharusnya checksum 

cat ossec-hids-2.8.1-checksum.txt

Output 

MD5(ossec-hids-2.8.1.tar.gz)= c2ffd25180f760e366ab16eeb82ae382
SHA1(ossec-hids-2.8.1.tar.gz)= 0ecf1df09558dc8bb4b6f65e1fb2ca7a7df9817c

Check 

md5sum ossec-hids-2.8.1.tar.gz

Output harusnya 

c2ffd25180f760e366ab16eeb82ae382  ossec-hids-2.8.1.tar.gz

Check 

sha1sum  ossec-hids-2.8.1.tar.gz

Output harusnya 

0ecf1df09558dc8bb4b6f65e1fb2ca7a7df9817c  ossec-hids-2.8.1.tar.gz

Step 2 — Install OSSEC

OSSEC bisa dipasang di server, agent, local atau hybrid mode. Instalasi ini untuk memantau server yang diinstal OSSEC. Itu berarti instalasi lokal. Lakukan 

cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf 2.9.0.tar.gz 
cd ossec-hids-2.9.0/
./install.sh

Jawaban pertanyaan saat instalasi 

(en/br/cn/de/el/es/fr/hu/it/jp/nl/pl/ru/sr/tr) [en]: <ENTER>

OSSEC HIDS v2.9.0 Installation Script - http://www.ossec.net

You are about to start the installation process of the OSSEC HIDS.
You must have a C compiler pre-installed in your system.
 - System: Linux refserver 4.4.0-21-generic
 - User: root
 - Host: refserver
 -- Press ENTER to continue or Ctrl-C to abort. --
<ENTER>

1- What kind of installation do you want (server, agent, local, hybrid or help)? local

2- Setting up the installation environment.
 - Choose where to install the OSSEC HIDS [/var/ossec]: <ENTER>

3- Configuring the OSSEC HIDS.
  3.1- Do you want e-mail notification? (y/n) [y]: <ENTER>
   - What's your e-mail address? onno@indo.net.id
   - Do you want to use it? (y/n) [y]: <ENTER>
  3.2- Do you want to run the integrity check daemon? (y/n) [y]: <ENTER>
  3.3- Do you want to run the rootkit detection engine? (y/n) [y]: <ENTER>
   - Do you want to enable active response? (y/n) [y]: <ENTER>
   - Do you want to enable the firewall-drop response? (y/n) [y]: <ENTER>
   - Do you want to add more IPs to the white list? (y/n)? [n]: <ENTER>
  3.6- Setting the configuration to analyze the following logs:
    -- /var/log/auth.log
    -- /var/log/syslog
    -- /var/log/dpkg.log

 - If you want to monitor any other file, just change 
   the ossec.conf and add a new localfile entry.
   Any questions about the configuration can be answered
   by visiting us online at http://www.ossec.net .
   --- Press ENTER to continue ---
   <ENTER>

Tunggu beberapa saat karena sedang di compile. Hasil terakhir, 

- The configuration can be viewed or modified at /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf
   ---  Press ENTER to finish (maybe more information below). ---
<ENTER>

Step 3 — Start OSSEC

Secara default OSSEC dikonfigurasi untuk memulai saat boot, tapi untuk pertama kalinya, Anda harus memulainya secara manual.

Cek status, 

/var/ossec/bin/ossec-control status

Output: 

ossec-monitord not running...
ossec-logcollector not running...
ossec-syscheckd not running...
ossec-analysisd not running...
ossec-maild not running...
ossec-execd not running...

Start OSSEC, 

/var/ossec/bin/ossec-control start

Output: 

Starting OSSEC HIDS v2.9.0 (by Trend Micro Inc.)...
Started ossec-maild...
Started ossec-execd...
Started ossec-analysisd...
Started ossec-logcollector...
Started ossec-syscheckd...
Started ossec-monitord...
Completed.

Cek status lagi, 

/var/ossec/bin/ossec-control status

This output shows that OSSEC is running: 

ossec-monitord is running...
ossec-logcollector is running...
ossec-syscheckd is running...
ossec-analysisd is running...
ossec-maild is running...
ossec-execd is running...

Harusnya akan dapat email kira-kira 

OSSEC HIDS Notification.
2014 Nov 30 11:15:38

Received From: ossec2->ossec-monitord
Rule: 502 fired (level 3) -> "Ossec server started."
Portion of the log(s):

ossec: Ossec started.

Step 4 — Konfigurasi OSSEC untuk Real-time Alerts saat ada modifikasi File

Lakukan 

cd /var/ossec

File / folder penting 

/var/ossec/logs
/var/ossec/logs/ossec.log
/var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf

Edit file konfigurasi 

cp /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf.asli
vi /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf

Setting Email

Default-nya kira-kira 

 <global>
   <email_notification>yes</email_notification>
   <email_to>onno@indo.net.id</email_to>
   <smtp_server>mx-2.indo.net.id.</smtp_server>
   <email_from>ossecm@refserver</email_from>
 </global>

Supaya bisa tembus, ada baiknya di ubah SMTP Server, email from yang valid, dan email max / jam, jadi 

 <global>
   <email_notification>yes</email_notification>
   <email_to>onno@indo.net.id</email_to>
   <smtp_server>smtp.telkom.net.</smtp_server>
   <email_from>onno@indo.net.id</email_from>
   <email_maxperhour>12</email_maxperhour>
 </global>

Jika emailnya ke localhost saja, bisa menggunakan, 

 <global>
   <email_notification>yes</email_notification>
   <email_to>onno@indo.net.id</email_to>
   <smtp_server>localhost</smtp_server>
   <email_from>onno@indo.net.id</email_from>
   <email_maxperhour>12</email_maxperhour>
 </global>

Cek /var/ossec/logs/ossec.log, pastikan tidak ada error seperti, 

cat  /var/ossec/logs/ossec.log | grep ERROR

2017/06/15 05:13:16 ossec-maild(1223): ERROR: Error Sending email to mx-2.indo.net.id. (smtp server)

Frekuensi Scan

Edit /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf 

vi /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf

Lihat bagian 

<syscheck>
    <frequency>79200</frequency>

Tambahkan alert new file, 


<syscheck>
    <frequency>79200</frequency>

    <alert_new_files>yes</alert_new_files>

Untuk testing bisa di ubah frekuensi ke 60, untuk operasional 79200 cukup.

Setting Directory & Perubahan File

Edit /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf 

vi /var/ossec/etc/ossec.conf

Edit 

<directories check_all="yes">/etc,/usr/bin,/usr/sbin</directories>
<directories check_all="yes">/bin,/sbin</directories>

Ubah menjadi, 

<directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" check_all="yes">/etc,/usr/bin,/usr/sbin</directories>
<directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" check_all="yes">/bin,/sbin</directories>

Bisa juga menambahkan directory yang harus di monitor misalnya, 

<directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" check_all="yes">/etc,/usr/bin,/usr/sbin</directories>
<directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" check_all="yes">/bin,/sbin</directories>

<directories report_changes="yes" realtime="yes" restrict=".php|.js|.py|.sh|.html" check_all="yes">/home/onno,/var/www</directories>

Local.rules

Rules & Local rules ada di 

/var/ossec/rules/
/var/ossec/rules/local_rules.xml
/var/ossec/rules/ossec_rules.xml

Kita tertarik pada local_rules.xml & ossec_rules.xml, contoh mengubah rules 554 di ossec_rules.xml. isinya, 

 <rule id="554" level="0">
   <category>ossec</category>
   <decoded_as>syscheck_new_entry</decoded_as>
   <description>File added to the system.</description>
   <group>syscheck,</group>
 </rule>

Yang perlu di lakukan, 

cp /var/ossec/rules/local_rules.xml /var/ossec/rules/local_rules.xml.asli
vi /var/ossec/rules/local_rules.xml

Tambahkan 

 <group name="syscheck,">
   <rule id="554" level="7" overwrite="yes">
     <category>ossec</category>
     <decoded_as>syscheck_new_entry</decoded_as>
     <description>File added to the system.</description>
   </rule>
 </group>

Save file

Restart OSSEC

Sesudah semua modifikasi di lakukan restart OSSEC 

/var/ossec/bin/ossec-control restart

Step 5 — Coba alert perubahan file

Coba buat file, isi, dan delete file, 

touch /home/onno/coba.sh
touch /home/onno/index.html
sleep 70
echo "percobaan" > /home/onno/index.html
echo "coba" > /home/onno/coba.sh
sleep 70
rm /home/onno/index.html
rm /home/onno/coba.sh

Cek apakah ada email, kira-kira,

Referensi

Pranala Menarik

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