Difference between revisions of "Postfix: Authentikasi SMTP untuk Client"

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Every mail server administrator dreads his or her server becoming compromised by spammers. A lot of effort, time and even money is spent on securing mail servers and making sure that the servers do not become open relay.
+
==Siapkan Dovecot==
  
−
To combat against spambots in an SMTP server, Postfix in general uses the mynetworks parameter to specify the trusted sender network i.e., LAN. In a typical scenario, the users stationed in the internal LAN are legitimate users, and Postfix will happily accept SMTP requests from them, and forward the emails towards destination. Although this used to be the standard practice in the past, today's users want mobility. Everyone wants to be able to send/receive emails in their phones/tablets/laptops at work, home, on the go, or even from their favorite coffee shop around the corner. For people who are in the fields for critical services, a simple email alert could save a lot of time, effort and money.
+
Edit agar dovecot siap digunakan sebagai auth server untuk postfix
  
−
To cope up with the mobility need, Postfix started to support another method of validating users. Simple Authentication and Security Layer (SASL) is a framework that can be used by many connection-oriented Internet protocols for securing data, servers and users. With SASL enabled, Postfix will not accept any incoming SMTP connections without proper authentication. As smart spammer can imitate a legitimate email account, no SMTP from even internal users are accepted without authentication.
+
vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
−
 
 
−
This tutorial will focus on setting up a Postfix SMTP server to use Dovecot SASL for user authentication. As Dovecot provides mechanisms for user authentication, Postfix will simply ask Dovecot to do the work for it. That way, there is no need to re-invent the wheel.
 
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Prerequisites
 
−
 
 
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    A working mail server running on postfix and dovecot2
 
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    SSL/TLS support for the mail server3
 
−
 
 
−
==Preparing Dovecot==
 
−
 
 
−
Backing up configuration files prior to modification is always a good idea.
 
−
 
 
−
Since Dovecot will be the one doing most of the work, we will start configuration with Dovecot.
 
−
 
 
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First of all, a listener is added to Dovecot. Postfix will use this listener to communicate with Dovecot.
 
  
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vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf
+
Pastikan
  
 
  ## The listener is added under the service auth section ##
 
  ## The listener is added under the service auth section ##
Line 33: Line 19:
 
  } ## end service auth
 
  } ## end service auth
  
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The above definition places the socket to be used by Postfix at /var/spool/postfix/private/auth with permission 0660 for Postfix only.
+
Definisi diatas akan membuka socket /var/spool/postfix/private/auth dengan permission 0660 untuk Postfix.
  
 
  vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
 
  vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf
Line 39: Line 25:
 
  auth_mechanisms = plain login
 
  auth_mechanisms = plain login
  
−
The above parameter provides the plain login authentication mechanisms for Postfix.
+
plain authetication mechanism untuk Postfix
  
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Finally, for the changes to take effect, we restart the Dovecot service as follows.
+
restart Dovecot
  
 
  service dovecot restart
 
  service dovecot restart
 +
 +
 +
 +
==Generate Certificate==
 +
 +
Buat certificate untuk SSL
 +
 +
mkdir /etc/postfix/ssl
 +
cd /etc/postfix/ssl/
 +
openssl req -new -nodes -keyout onnocenter.id.key -out onnocenter.id.csr
 +
 +
akan keluar
 +
 +
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
 +
......................+++
 +
..................+++
 +
writing new private key to 'onnocenter.id.key'
 +
-----
 +
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
 +
into your certificate request.
 +
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
 +
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
 +
For some fields there will be a default value,
 +
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
 +
-----
 +
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:ID
 +
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:DKI   
 +
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Jakarta
 +
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:OnnoCenter
 +
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT
 +
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:onnocenter.id
 +
Email Address []:onno@onnocenter.id
 +
 +
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
 +
to be sent with your certificate request
 +
A challenge password []:password
 +
An optional company name []:OnnoCenter
  
 
==Preparing Postfix==
 
==Preparing Postfix==
  
−
Necessary SST/TLS and SASL parameters are added in the configuration file main.cf.
+
Masukan parameter SASL ke config file
  
 
  vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
 
  vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
Line 59: Line 82:
 
   
 
   
 
  ## postfix appends the domain name for SASL logins that do not have the domain part ##
 
  ## postfix appends the domain name for SASL logins that do not have the domain part ##
−
  smtpd_sasl_local_domain = example.tst
+
  smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
 
   
 
   
 
  ## SASL default policy ##
 
  ## SASL default policy ##
Line 74: Line 97:
 
  smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
 
  smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
  
 +
Ringkas-nya
  
 +
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
 +
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
 
  smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
 
  smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
 
  smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
 
  smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
Line 86: Line 112:
  
  
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The official guideline can be consulted for more details on available parameters and their function.
 
  
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SSL/TLS specific parameters are added to the server as well.
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Masukan SSL/TLS parameter ke config file
  
 
  vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
 
  vim /etc/postfix/main.cf
Line 105: Line 130:
 
   
 
   
 
  ## path to certificate and key file ##
 
  ## path to certificate and key file ##
−
  smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/certs/postfixcert.pem
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  smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/onnocenter.id.key
−
  smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/postfixkey.pem
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  smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/onnocenter.id.crt
 
  smtpd_use_tls=yes  
 
  smtpd_use_tls=yes  
 
   
 
   
Line 113: Line 138:
 
   
 
   
 
  smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s  
 
  smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s  
−
   
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  tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
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Now Postfix is reloaded with updated settings.
 
  
  
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service postfix restart
 
  
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At this point, Postfix will not allow SMTP connections without authentication.
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Ringkas-nya
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Mail User Agent Configuration
 
  
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Your mail client is configured with mandatory authentication for SMTP as shown below.
 
  
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Troubleshooting
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smtpd_tls_security_level = encrypt
 +
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes
 +
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
 +
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1
 +
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/onnocenter.id.key
 +
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/onnocenter.id.crt
 +
smtpd_use_tls=yes
 +
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
 +
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s
 +
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom
  
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If SASL is not working correctly, the following troubleshooting may help.
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==Restart Postfix==
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Enabling Verbose Postfix Logs
 
  
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To increase the level of output in Postfix log, the "-v" parameter can be added in the following file.
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service postfix restart
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root@mail:/etc/postfix# vim /etc/postfix/master.cf
 
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smtp      inet  n      -      -      -      -      smtpd -v
 
  
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Now there should be more verbose information the log file at /var/log/mail.log, which can help with the troubleshooting process.
 
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Telnet to port 25
 
  
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telnet connection to port 25 should be successful.
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==Cek Relay==
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$ telnet mail.example.tst 25
 
  
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ehlo mail.example.tst
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  $ telnet mail.example.tst 25
−
250- mail.example.tst
 
−
250-PIPELINING
 
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250-SIZE 10240000
 
−
250-VRFY
 
−
250-ETRN
 
−
250-STARTTLS
 
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250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN
 
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250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN
 
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250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
 
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250-8BITMIME
 
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250 DSN
 
  
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Amongst other features that the SMTP server advertises, the STARTTLS and AUTH features should be available.
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ehlo  mail.example.tst
 +
250- mail.example.tst
 +
250-PIPELINING
 +
250-SIZE 10240000
 +
250-VRFY
 +
250-ETRN
 +
250-STARTTLS  
 +
250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN
 +
250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN
 +
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
 +
250-8BITMIME
 +
250 DSN
  
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Sending mails using telnet should fail, and no authentication information should be sent to the server.
 
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$ telnet mail.example.tst 25
 
  
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ehlo  mail.example.tst
 
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mail from:sarmed@example.tst
 
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250 2.1.0 Ok
 
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rcpt to:sarmed@example.tst
 
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554 5.7.1 : Relay access denied
 
  
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Tuning parameter – mynetworks
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==Cek SMTP AUTH Support==
  
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Earlier in the tutorial, the Postfix server was configured to allow SMTP connections originated in the trusted network i.e., mynetworks, as shown in /etc/postfix/main.cf.
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Lakukan
  
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smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
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telnet onnocenter.id 25
  
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To make sure that mails originating from mynetworks do not pass through unauthenticated, /etc/postfix/main.cf can be modified as follows.
+
Harusnya keluar
  
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smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination
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Connected to onnocenter.id.
−
 
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Escape character is '^]'.
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Based on the requirements, permit_mynetworks can be allowed or denied later on.
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220 onnocenter.id ESMTP
−
 
+
ehlo onnocenter.id
−
To sum up, SASL can provide additional security to a mail server by enforcing mandatory authentication to users for SMTP requests. As users may use a mail server from anywhere, SASL can meet with the security requirements that do not conflict with the mobility of users.
+
250-onnocenter.id
−
 
+
250-PIPELINING
−
Hope this helps.
+
250-SIZE 10240000
 +
250-VRFY
 +
250-ETRN
 +
250-STARTTLS
 +
250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN
 +
250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN
 +
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
 +
250-8BITMIME
 +
250 DSN
  
 +
Buat password
  
 +
printf 'username\0username\0password' | mmencode
  
 +
atau
  
 +
perl -MMIME::Base64 -e 'print encode_base64("username\0username\0password");'
  
 +
Lakukan seperti
  
 +
printf 'test\0test\0testpass' | mmencode
 +
dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwYXNz
  
 +
Maka dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwYXNz adalah Base64 encoded string yang berisi username dan password.
  
 +
Test authentication
  
 +
Connected to localhost.
 +
Escape character is '^]'.
 +
220 onnocenter.id ESMTP
 +
ehlo onnocenter.id
 +
250-onnocenter.id
 +
250-PIPELINING
 +
250-SIZE 10240000
 +
250-VRFY
 +
250-ETRN
 +
250-STARTTLS
 +
250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN
 +
250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN
 +
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
 +
250-8BITMIME
 +
250 DSN
 +
AUTH PLAIN dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwYXNz
 +
235 2.7.0 Authentication successful
 +
quit
 +
221 2.0.0 Bye
  
 
==Referensi==
 
==Referensi==
Line 193: Line 245:
 
* http://postfix.state-of-mind.de/patrick.koetter/smtpauth/smtp_auth_mailclients.html
 
* http://postfix.state-of-mind.de/patrick.koetter/smtpauth/smtp_auth_mailclients.html
 
* http://xmodulo.com/enable-user-authentication-postfix-smtp-server-sasl.html
 
* http://xmodulo.com/enable-user-authentication-postfix-smtp-server-sasl.html
 +
* http://postfix.state-of-mind.de/patrick.koetter/smtpauth/smtp_auth_mailclients.html
 
* http://postfix.state-of-mind.de/patrick.koetter/smtpauth/smtp_auth_mailclients.html
 
* http://postfix.state-of-mind.de/patrick.koetter/smtpauth/smtp_auth_mailclients.html

Latest revision as of 06:18, 8 May 2015

Sumber: http://postfix.state-of-mind.de/patrick.koetter/smtpauth/smtp_auth_mailclients.html


Siapkan Dovecot

Edit agar dovecot siap digunakan sebagai auth server untuk postfix 

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-master.conf

Pastikan 

## The listener is added under the service auth section ##
service auth { 
	unix_listener /var/spool/postfix/private/auth {
		mode = 0660
        	user = postfix
        	group = postfix
  	} ##end listener
} ## end service auth

Definisi diatas akan membuka socket /var/spool/postfix/private/auth dengan permission 0660 untuk Postfix. 

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-auth.conf

auth_mechanisms = plain login

plain authetication mechanism untuk Postfix

restart Dovecot 

service dovecot restart


Generate Certificate

Buat certificate untuk SSL 

mkdir /etc/postfix/ssl
cd /etc/postfix/ssl/
openssl req -new -nodes -keyout onnocenter.id.key -out onnocenter.id.csr

akan keluar 

Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
......................+++
..................+++
writing new private key to 'onnocenter.id.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:ID
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:DKI     
Locality Name (eg, city) []:Jakarta
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:OnnoCenter
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:IT
Common Name (e.g. server FQDN or YOUR name) []:onnocenter.id
Email Address []:onno@onnocenter.id 

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:password
An optional company name []:OnnoCenter

Preparing Postfix

Masukan parameter SASL ke config file 

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

#### SASL ####
## specify SASL type ##
smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot

## path to the SASL socket relative to postfix spool directory i.e. /var/spool/postfix ##
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth

## postfix appends the domain name for SASL logins that do not have the domain part ##
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname

## SASL default policy ##
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous

## for legacy application compatibility ##
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes

## enable SMTP auth ##
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes

## smtp checks ##
## these checks are based on first match, so sequence is important ##
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination

Ringkas-nya 

smtpd_sasl_type = dovecot
smtpd_sasl_path = private/auth
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
... 
smtpd_recipient_restrictions = 
   permit_sasl_authenticated, 
   permit_mynetworks, 
   check_relay_domains


Masukan SSL/TLS parameter ke config file 

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

#### SSL/TLS parameters ####

## 'encrypt' will enforce SSL. Not recommended for live servers ##
smtpd_tls_security_level = may 
#smtpd_tls_security_level = encrypt 

smtpd_tls_received_header = yes 
smtpd_tls_auth_only = no 

## loglevel 3 or 4 can be used during troubleshooting ##
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 

## path to certificate and key file ##
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/onnocenter.id.key
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/onnocenter.id.crt
smtpd_use_tls=yes 

## server will announce STARTTLS ##
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes 

smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s 
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom


Ringkas-nya 


smtpd_tls_security_level = encrypt 
smtpd_tls_received_header = yes 
smtpd_tls_auth_only = yes
smtpd_tls_loglevel = 1 
smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/onnocenter.id.key
smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/ssl/onnocenter.id.crt
smtpd_use_tls=yes 
smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer = yes
smtpd_tls_session_cache_timeout = 3600s 
tls_random_source = dev:/dev/urandom

Restart Postfix

service postfix restart


Cek Relay

$ telnet mail.example.tst 25

ehlo  mail.example.tst
250- mail.example.tst
250-PIPELINING 
250-SIZE 10240000 
250-VRFY 
250-ETRN 
250-STARTTLS 
250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN 
250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN 
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES 
250-8BITMIME 
250 DSN


Cek SMTP AUTH Support

Lakukan 

telnet onnocenter.id 25

Harusnya keluar 

Connected to onnocenter.id.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 onnocenter.id ESMTP
ehlo onnocenter.id
250-onnocenter.id
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN
250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN

Buat password 

printf 'username\0username\0password' | mmencode

atau 

perl -MMIME::Base64 -e 'print encode_base64("username\0username\0password");'

Lakukan seperti 

printf 'test\0test\0testpass' | mmencode
dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwYXNz

Maka dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwYXNz adalah Base64 encoded string yang berisi username dan password.

Test authentication 

Connected to localhost.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 onnocenter.id ESMTP
ehlo onnocenter.id
250-onnocenter.id
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-STARTTLS
250-AUTH PLAIN LOGIN
250-AUTH=PLAIN LOGIN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
AUTH PLAIN dGVzdAB0ZXN0AHRlc3RwYXNz
235 2.7.0 Authentication successful
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye

Referensi

Retrieved from "https://onnocenter.or.id/wiki/index.php?title=Postfix:_Authentikasi_SMTP_untuk_Client&oldid=43010"