PaaS

Platform as a Service (PaaS) atau 'Application Platform as a Service (aPaaS) atau layanan berbasis platform adalah kategori cloud computing service yang menyediakan platform yang memungkinkan pelanggan untuk mengembangkan, menjalankan, dan mengelola aplikasi tanpa kerumitan membangun dan memelihara infrastruktur yang biasanya terkait dengan pengembangan dan peluncuran aplikasi.

PaaS dapat diberikan dengan tiga cara:

sebagai public cloud service dari penyedia, di mana kconsumer control software deployment dengan opsi konfigurasi minimal, dan penyedia menyediakan jaringan, server, storage, sistem operasi (OS), middleware (misalnya Java runtime, .NET runtime, integrasi, dll.), database dan layanan lainnya untuk menampung aplikasi konsumen.
sebagai private service (perangkat lunak atau appliance) di belakang firewall.
sebagai software yang di deploye pada public Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS).

Pengembangan dan Penggunaan

Fotango, sebuah perusahaan berbasis di London yang dimiliki oleh Canon Europe meluncurkan platform publik pertama di dunia sebagai layanan yang dikenal sebagai "Zimki". Ini dikembangkan pada tahun 2005 dengan peluncuran beta pada bulan Maret 2006 dan peluncuran publik di EuroOSCON pada tahun 2006. Zimki adalah pengembangan aplikasi web JavaScript end-to-end dan platform komputasi utilitas yang menghapus semua tugas berulang yang dihadapi saat membuat aplikasi web dan layanan web. Semua aspek infrastruktur dan operasi mulai dari penyediaan dan pengaturan server virtual, skalabilitas, konfigurasi, keamanan, dan pencadangan dilakukan secara otomatis oleh Zimki. Zimki memperkenalkan tagline "Pre-Shaved Yaks" untuk menjelaskan penghapusan semua tugas berulang ini.

Zimki adalah platform eksekusi kode "pay as you go" yang memungkinkan pengembang membangun dan menyebarkan aplikasi atau layanan web tanpa menimbulkan biaya awal apa pun pada true utility based computing platform. Tagihan dilakukan pada storage yang digunakan, network traffic dan JSOP (Operasi Javascript). Ini menyediakan platform multitenant di mana pengembang dapat membuat seluruh aplikasi (depan dan belakang melalui SSJS) dengan menggunakan satu bahasa - Javascript, dengan semua pengembangan, penagihan, pemantauan, dan kontrol aplikasi diekspos melalui API dan berbagai layanan komponen dari penyimpanan objek No-SQL ke layanan Message Queue. Selain itu, semua fungsi dalam Zimki dapat diekspos sebagai layanan web dan Zimki menyediakan analisis penagihan hingga ke fungsi individu.

Sementara platform Zimki berkembang pesat dan Fotango menguntungkan, perusahaan induk memutuskan area ini bukan inti dan layanan ditutup pada Desember 2007. Pada saat penutupannya, Zimki memiliki beberapa ribu akun pengembang dan telah menunjukkan kelayakan teknis dari Platform sebagai Layanan tetapi juga memberikan contoh pertama tentang bahaya bergantung pada satu penyedia. Risiko ini telah disorot pada bulan Juli 2007, ketika CEO memberikan presentasi tentang Zimki di OSCON 2007 yang mengumumkan bahwa Zimki tidak lagi open source dan membahas masa depan dari apa yang kemudian disebut Framework as a Service (kemudian berganti nama menjadi Platform as a Service). Layanan yang mencakup pentingnya pasar penyedia berdasarkan open source reference model.

Pada bulan April 2008, Google meluncurkan App Engine, dengan versi uji coba gratis terbatas untuk 10.000 pengembang. Ini dikatakan telah "mengubah ruang Internet cloud computing menjadi industri yang lengkap hampir dalam semalam."

Tujuan awal PaaS adalah untuk menyederhanakan proses penulisan kode untuk pengembang, dengan infrastruktur dan operasi ditangani oleh penyedia PaaS. Awalnya, semua PaaS ada di cloud publik. Karena banyak perusahaan tidak ingin memiliki segalanya di cloud publik, opsi PaaS privat dan hybrid (dikelola oleh departemen TI internal) dibuat.

PaaS provides an environment for developers and companies to create, host and deploy applications, saving developers from the complexities of the infrastructure side (setting up, configuring and managing elements such as servers and databases). PaaS can improve the speed of developing an app, and allow the consumer to focus on the application itself. With PaaS, the consumer manages applications and data, while the provider (in public PaaS) or IT department (in private PaaS) manages runtime, middleware, operating system, virtualization, servers, storage and networking. Development tools provided by the vendor are customized according to the needs of the user. The user can choose to maintain the software, or have the vendor maintain it.

PaaS offerings may also include facilities for application design, application development, testing and deployment, as well as services such as team collaboration, web service integration, and marshalling, database integration, security, scalability, storage, persistence, state management, application versioning, application instrumentation, and developer community facilitation. Besides the service engineering aspects, PaaS offerings include mechanisms for service management, such as monitoring, workflow management, discovery and reservation.

Advantages and disadvantages

The advantages of PaaS are primarily that it allows for higher-level programming with dramatically reduced complexity; the overall development of the application can be more effective, as it has built-in/self up-and-down ramping infrastructure resources; and maintenance and enhancement of the application is thus easier.

Possible perceived disadvantages of various PaaS providers as cited by their users include increased pricing at larger scalesTemplate:Citation needed, lack of operational features, reduced control, and the vagaries of traffic routing systems.

Types

Public, private and hybrid (PAAS)

There are several types of PaaS, including public, private and hybrid. PaaS was originally intended for applications on public cloud services, before expanding to include private and hybrid options.

Public PaaS is derived from software as a service (SaaS), and is situated in cloud computing between SaaS and infrastructure as a service (IaaS). SaaS is software that is hosted in the cloud, so that it doesn't take up hard drive from the computer of the user or the servers of a company. IaaS provides virtual hardware from a provider with adjustable scalability. With IaaS, the user still has to manage the server, whereas with PaaS the server management is done by the provider. Jelastic is the example of Public PaaS (still, the platform also provides Private and Hybrid types as well).

A private PaaS can typically be downloaded and installed either in a company's on-premises data center, or in a public cloud. Once the software is installed on one or more machines, the private PaaS arranges the application and database components into a single hosting platform. Private PaaS vendors include Apprenda, which started out on the Microsoft .NET platform before rolling out a Java PaaS; Red Hat's OpenShift, Pivotal Cloud Foundry, Heroku and Platform.sh.

Hybrid PaaS is typically a deployment consisting of a mix of public and private deployments.

Communications platform as a service (CPaaS)

A CPaaS is a cloud-based platform that enables developers to add real-time communications features (voice, video, and messaging) in their own applications without needing to build backend infrastructure and interfaces.

Mobile platform as a service

Initiated in 2012, mobile PaaS (mPaaS) provides development capabilities for mobile app designers and developers.

Open PaaS

Open PaaS does not include hosting, but rather it provides open source software allowing a PaaS provider to run applications in an open source environment, such as Google App Engine. Some open platforms let the developer use any programming language, database, operating system or server to deploy their applications.

PaaS for rapid development

In 2014, Forrester Research defined enterprise public cloud platforms for rapid developers as an emerging trend, naming a number of providers including Mendix, Salesforce.com, OutSystems and Acquia.

In 2015, 451 Research named Jelastic as a containerized solution, that expands alongside IaaS-PaaS convergence for hosting service providers, systems integrators and enterprises.

In 2018, Forrester Research published an updated report on Low Code Development Platforms. The report highlighted 14 vendors, naming AppSheet, Betty Blocks, and PowerApps as industry leaders.

Providers

There are various types of PaaS providers. All offer application hosting and a deployment environment, along with various integrated services. Services offer varying levels of scalability and maintenance. Developers can write an application and upload it to a PaaS that supports their software language of choice, and the application runs on that PaaS.