Antenna Pola Radiasi

The radiation pattern or antenna pattern is the graphical representation of the radiation properties of the antenna as a function of space. That is, the antenna’s pattern describes how the antenna radiates energy out into space (or how it receives energy). It is important to state that an antenna radiates energy in all directions, at least to some extent, so the antenna pattern is actually three-dimensional. It is common, however, to describe this 3D pattern with two planar patterns, called the principal plane patterns. These principal plane patterns can be obtained by making two slices through the 3D pattern through the maximum value of the pattern or by direct measurement. It is these principal plane patterns that are commonly referred to as the antenna patterns.

The radiation pattern of an antenna is one of its basic properties since it shows the way the antenna distributes its energy in space. It generally consists of a number of lobes and if it is measured far away from the antenna it is independent of distance. It is a function of angles and can be expressed as field or power pattern. It usually can be completely specified from the patterns in two planes, perpendicular to each other, the E and H planes, respectively. Related to the radiation pattern of an antenna, a number of important parameters exist, such as radiated power, radiation efficiency, directivity, gain, and antenna polarization.