KOTLIN: String
Sumber: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/kotlin/kotlin_strings.htm
The Kotlin String data type is used to store a sequence of characters. String values must be surrounded by double quotes (" ") or triple quote (""" """).
We have two kinds of string available in Kotlin - one is called Escaped String and another is called Raw String.
Escaped string is declared within double quote (" ") and may contain escape characters like '\n', '\t', '\b' etc.
Raw string is declared within triple quote (""" """) and may contain multiple lines of text without any escape characters.
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val escapedString : String = "I am escaped String!\n"
var rawString :String = """This is going to be a
multi-line string and will
not have any escape sequence""";
print(escapedString)
println(rawString)
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
I am escaped String! This is going to be a multi-line string and will not have any escape sequence
This is optional to specify the data type for a String, Kotlin can understand that the a variable is a String because of the given double or tripple quotes.
If you want to create a String variable without assigning the value then you must specify the type while declaring the variable otherwise it will raise an error:
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val name : String
name = "Zara Ali"
println(name)
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
Zara Ali
Kotlin String Templates
Kotlin string templates are pieces of code that are evaluated and whose results are interpolated into the string. A template expression starts with a dollar sign ($) and may consist of either a name or an expression.
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val name : String = "Zara Ali"
println("Name - $name") // Using template with variable name
println("Name length - ${name.length}") // Using template with expression.
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
Name - Zara Ali Name length - 8
Kotlin String Object
Kotlin String is an object, which contains a number of properties and functions that can perform certain operations on strings, by writing a dot character (.) after the specific string variable.
We will see some of the important properties and functions in this chapter, remaining you can find in official documentation of Kotlin latest version.
Kotlin String Indexes
Kotlin String can be treated as a sequence of characters or you can say String is an array of characters. You can access its element by specifying the index of the element using a square brackets.
String indexes start with 0, so if you want to access 4th element of the string then you should specify index as 3 to access the 4th element.
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val name : String = "Zara Ali"
println(name[3])
println(name[5])
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
a A
Kotlin String Length
We can use length property of Kotlin string to find out its length.
Kotlin function count() also returns the length of a given string.
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val name : String = "Zara Ali"
println("The length of name :" + name.length)
println("The length of name :" + name.count())
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
The length of name :8 The length of name :8
Kotlin String Last Index
We can use lastIndex property of Kotlin string to find out the index of the last character in the char sequence. If a string is empty then it returns a -1.
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val name : String = "Zara Ali"
println("The index of last character in name :" + name.lastIndex)
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
The index of last character in name :7
Changing Case of Strings
Kotlin provides toUpperCase() and toLowerCase() functions to convert a string into upper case and lower case respectively.
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
val name : String = "Zara Ali"
println("Upper case of name :" + name.toUpperCase())
println("Lower case of name :" + name.toLowerCase())
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
Upper case of name :ZARA ALI Lower case of name :zara ali
Kotlin String Concatenation
We can use either + operator to concatenate two strings, or we can also use plus() function to concatenate two strings.
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var firstName : String = "Zara "
var lastName : String = "Ali"
println("Full Name :" + firstName + lastName)
println("Full Name :" + firstName.plus(lastName) )
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
Full Name :Zara Ali Full Name :Zara Ali==
==Trim Characters from a String
We can remove first few or last few characters from a string using drop() or dropLast() functions.
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var name : String = "Zara Ali"
println("Remove first two characters from name : " + name.drop(2))
println("Remove last two characters from name : " + name.dropLast(2))
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
Remove first two characters from name : ra Ali Remove last two characters from name : Zara A
Quotes Inside a String
To use quotes inside a string, use single quotes ('):
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var str1 : String = "That's it"
var str2 : String = "It's OK"
println("str1 : " + str1)
println("str2 : " + str2)
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
str1 : That's it str2 : It's OK
Finding a String inside a String
Kotlin provides indexOf() function to find out a text inside a string. This function returns the index of the first occurrence of a specified text in a string
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var str : String = "Meditation and Yoga are synonymous with India"
println("Index of Yoga in the string - " + str.indexOf("Yoga"))
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
Index of Yoga in the string - 15 Comparing Two Strings
Kotlin provides compareTo() function to compare two strings. This function returns 0 if two strings are equal otherwise it will return 1.
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var str1 : String = "Apple"
var str2 : String = "Apple"
println(str1.compareTo(str2))
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
0
Kotlin getOrNull() function
Kotlin getOrNull() function returns a character at the given index or null if the index is out of bounds of this char sequence.
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var name : String = "Zara"
println(name.getOrNull(0))
println(name.getOrNull(2))
println(name.getOrNull(100))
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
Z r null
Kotlin toString() function
Kotlin toString() function returns a string representation of the object..
Example
fun main(args: Array<String>) {
var name : String = "Zara Ali"
println(name.toString())
}
When you run the above Kotlin program, it will generate the following output:
Zara Ali
Quiz Time (Interview & Exams Preparation)
Q 1 - Which of the following is true about Control Flow Statement?
A - Control flow controls the execution of the program
B - Loops and Decision Statements are part of control flow
C - Control flow is an essential part of modern programming languages
D - All of the above
Q 2 - Which of the following is a control flow statement in Kotlin?
A - String
B - Fun
C - When
D - None of the above
Q 3 - If we do not have control flow statements, then it will be almost impossible to write a computer program?
A - True
B - False