Hadoop: Instal di Ubuntu 14.04

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Sumber: http://www.bogotobogo.com/Hadoop/BigData_hadoop_Install_on_ubuntu_single_node_cluster.php


Spesifikasi Hardware & OS

Persiapan yang perlu di lakukan

  • Harddisk WD Red 6TB untuk ujicoba
  • PC Biasa 64bit
  • Install Ubuntu 14.04 64bit


Instalasi Java

Hadoop framework is written in Java!! 

cd ~
sudo apt-get update
sudo locale-gen id_ID.UTF-8
sudo apt-get install default-jdk

cek versi 

java -version

java version "1.7.0_51"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.4.6) (7u51-2.4.6-1ubuntu4)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.51-b03, mixed mode)

Tambahkan Hadoop user

sudo addgroup hadoop
sudo adduser --ingroup hadoop hduser
sudo adduser hduser sudo

Adding user `hduser' to group `sudo' ...
Adding user hduser to group sudo
Done.

Jangan lupa tambahkan hduser sebagai sudoer. Paling gampang 

sudo su
vi /etc/sudoers

Tambahkan 

hduser  ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

Install ssh

Instalasi ssh 

sudo apt-get install ssh

Cek ssh 

which ssh

/usr/bin/ssh

Cek sshd 

which sshd

/usr/sbin/sshd


Buat & Setup Sertifikat SSH

Hadoop membutuhkan akses SSH untuk memanage nodes (mesin remote & lokal). Kita akan konfigurasi agar mengijinkan authentikasi menggunakan SSH public key. 

su hduser
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""



Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/home/hduser/.ssh'.
Your identification has been saved in /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
5c:4e:51:87:9f:00:64:a9:42:40:28:f1:b7:39:c5:04 hduser@wdred
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|.. oEo.  .=+...  |
|...  o.  ...o.   |
| .. ..o  .o  o . |
|   . +...+    o  |
|    +  .S .      |
|     .           |
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
+-----------------+


Lakukan 

cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

agar Hadoop menambahkan public key yang baru kita buat agar masuk ke key yang di authorisasi agar kita tidak perlu pakai password untuk ssh.

Cek ke localhost 

ssh localhost



The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is b4:47:39:22:4a:c1:fe:0a:af:28:a6:c2:9b:2f:4d:57.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.13.0-24-generic x86_64)
..
..


Install Hadoop

Sebagai user biasa, lakukan: 

cd ~
wget http://mirrors.sonic.net/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.1/hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz

Proses download lumayan lama, karena file binary yang kita download sekitar 200+ Mbyte :( 

sudo su
cd /home/hduser/
mv hadoop-2.7.1 /usr/local/hadoop
chown -R hduser:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop

Setup File Konfigurasi

File berikut perlu di modifikasi untuk menyelesaikan Setup Hadoop: 

~/.bashrc
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

~/.bashrc:

Sebelum edit file .bashrc , kita perlu tahu path dimana Java di insyall dan perlu memasukan ke variabel JAVA_HOME environment: 

update-alternatives --config java
There is only one alternative in link group java (providing /usr/bin/java): /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java
Nothing to configure.

Selanjutnya tambahkan di akhir ~/.bashrc: 

vi ~/.bashrc

#HADOOP VARIABLES START
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/
export HADOOP_INSTALL=/usr/local/hadoop
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib/native
export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib"
#HADOOP VARIABLES END

Aktifkan 

source ~/.bashrc

Perhatikan JAVA_HOME harus merupakan path sebelum '.../bin/' dibawah ini 

javac -version
javac 1.7.0_51

which javac
/usr/bin/javac

readlink -f /usr/bin/javac
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/javac

Maka JAVA_HOME adalah 

/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/


/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

set JAVA_HOME di file hadoop-env.sh 

vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

# The java implementation to use.
# export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64


/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

File /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml berisi konfigurasi properties yang digunakan Hadoop saat mulai beroperasi. File ini dapat digunakan untuk meng-override setting default yang ada. 

sudo mkdir -p /app/hadoop/tmp
sudo chown hduser:hadoop /app/hadoop/tmp

Masuk ini antara tag <configuration></configuration>: 

vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<configuration>
 <property>
  <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
  <value>/app/hadoop/tmp</value>
  <description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
 </property>

 <property>
  <name>fs.default.name</name>
  <value>hdfs://localhost:54310</value>
  <description>The name of the default file system.  A URI whose
  scheme and authority determine the FileSystem implementation.  The
  uri's scheme determines the config property (fs.SCHEME.impl) naming
  the FileSystem implementation class.  The uri's authority is used to
  determine the host, port, etc. for a filesystem.</description>
 </property>
</configuration>


/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

Default, folder /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/ berisi 

/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template

yang harus di rename / di copy dengan nama mapred-site.xml: 

cp /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

File mapred-site.xml digunakan untuk menentukan framework yang digunakan untuk MapReduce. Kita perlu memasukan informasi berikut antara tag <configuration></configuration> : 

vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
 <property>
  <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
  <value>localhost:54311</value>
  <description>The host and port that the MapReduce job tracker runs
  at.  If "local", then jobs are run in-process as a single map
  and reduce task.
  </description>
 </property>
</configuration>

/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

The /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml file needs to be configured for each host in the cluster that is being used. It is used to specify the directories which will be used as the namenode and the datanode on that host.

Before editing this file, we need to create two directories which will contain the namenode and the datanode for this Hadoop installation. This can be done using the following commands:

hduser@laptop:~$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode hduser@laptop:~$ sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/datanode hduser@laptop:~$ sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop_store

Open the file and enter the following content in between the <configuration></configuration> tag:

hduser@laptop:~$ vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<configuration> 

<property>
 <name>dfs.replication</name>
 <value>1</value>
 <description>Default block replication.
 The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created.
 The default is used if replication is not specified in create time.
 </description>
</property>
<property>
  <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
  <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode</value>
</property>
<property>
  <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
  <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/datanode</value>
</property>

</configuration>




Format the New Hadoop Filesystem

Now, the Hadoop file system needs to be formatted so that we can start to use it. The format command should be issued with write permission since it creates current directory under /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode folder:

hduser@laptop:~$ hadoop namenode -format DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated. Instead use the hdfs command for it.

15/04/18 14:43:03 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: /************************************************************ STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode STARTUP_MSG: host = laptop/192.168.1.1 STARTUP_MSG: args = [-format] STARTUP_MSG: version = 2.6.0 STARTUP_MSG: classpath = /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop ... STARTUP_MSG: java = 1.7.0_65

                                                                                                                        • /

15/04/18 14:43:03 INFO namenode.NameNode: registered UNIX signal handlers for [TERM, HUP, INT] 15/04/18 14:43:03 INFO namenode.NameNode: createNameNode [-format] 15/04/18 14:43:07 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable Formatting using clusterid: CID-e2f515ac-33da-45bc-8466-5b1100a2bf7f 15/04/18 14:43:09 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: No KeyProvider found. 15/04/18 14:43:09 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsLock is fair:true 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.block.invalidate.limit=1000 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.DatanodeManager: dfs.namenode.datanode.registration.ip-hostname-check=true 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.namenode.startup.delay.block.deletion.sec is set to 000:00:00:00.000 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: The block deletion will start around 2015 Apr 18 14:43:10 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map BlocksMap 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO util.GSet: 2.0% max memory 889 MB = 17.8 MB 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^21 = 2097152 entries 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: dfs.block.access.token.enable=false 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: defaultReplication = 1 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplication = 512 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: minReplication = 1 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxReplicationStreams = 2 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: shouldCheckForEnoughRacks = false 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: replicationRecheckInterval = 3000 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: encryptDataTransfer = false 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO blockmanagement.BlockManager: maxNumBlocksToLog = 1000 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: fsOwner = hduser (auth:SIMPLE) 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: supergroup = supergroup 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = true 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: false 15/04/18 14:43:10 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory 889 MB = 8.9 MB 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^20 = 1048576 entries 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map cachedBlocks 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 889 MB = 2.2 MB 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^18 = 262144 entries 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension = 30000 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRetryCache 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: VM type = 64-bit 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 889 MB = 273.1 KB 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO util.GSet: capacity = 2^15 = 32768 entries 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO namenode.NNConf: ACLs enabled? false 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO namenode.NNConf: XAttrs enabled? true 15/04/18 14:43:11 INFO namenode.NNConf: Maximum size of an xattr: 16384 15/04/18 14:43:12 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-130729900-192.168.1.1-1429393391595 15/04/18 14:43:12 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode has been successfully formatted. 15/04/18 14:43:12 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0 15/04/18 14:43:12 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0 15/04/18 14:43:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: /************************************************************ SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at laptop/192.168.1.1

                                                                                                                        • /


Note that hadoop namenode -format command should be executed once before we start using Hadoop. If this command is executed again after Hadoop has been used, it'll destroy all the data on the Hadoop file system.



Starting Hadoop

Now it's time to start the newly installed single node cluster. We can use start-all.sh or (start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh)

k@laptop:~$ cd /usr/local/hadoop/sbin

k@laptop:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin$ ls distribute-exclude.sh start-all.cmd stop-balancer.sh hadoop-daemon.sh start-all.sh stop-dfs.cmd hadoop-daemons.sh start-balancer.sh stop-dfs.sh hdfs-config.cmd start-dfs.cmd stop-secure-dns.sh hdfs-config.sh start-dfs.sh stop-yarn.cmd httpfs.sh start-secure-dns.sh stop-yarn.sh kms.sh start-yarn.cmd yarn-daemon.sh mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start-yarn.sh yarn-daemons.sh refresh-namenodes.sh stop-all.cmd slaves.sh stop-all.sh

k@laptop:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin$ sudo su hduser

hduser@laptop:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin$ start-all.sh hduser@laptop:~$ start-all.sh This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh 15/04/18 16:43:13 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable Starting namenodes on [localhost] localhost: starting namenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hduser-namenode-laptop.out localhost: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hduser-datanode-laptop.out Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0] 0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hduser-secondarynamenode-laptop.out 15/04/18 16:43:58 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable starting yarn daemons starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-hduser-resourcemanager-laptop.out localhost: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-hduser-nodemanager-laptop.out

We can check if it's really up and running:

hduser@laptop:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin$ jps 9026 NodeManager 7348 NameNode 9766 Jps 8887 ResourceManager 7507 DataNode

The output means that we now have a functional instance of Hadoop running on our VPS (Virtual private server).

Another way to check is using netstat:

hduser@laptop:~$ netstat -plten | grep java (Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info 

will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50020 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1001 1843372 10605/java tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:54310 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1001 1841277 10447/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50090 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1001 1841130 10895/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50070 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1001 1840196 10447/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1001 1841320 10605/java tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:50075 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1001 1841646 10605/java tcp6 0 0 :::8040 :::* LISTEN 1001 1845543 11383/java tcp6 0 0 :::8042 :::* LISTEN 1001 1845551 11383/java tcp6 0 0 :::8088 :::* LISTEN 1001 1842110 11252/java tcp6 0 0 :::49630 :::* LISTEN 1001 1845534 11383/java tcp6 0 0 :::8030 :::* LISTEN 1001 1842036 11252/java tcp6 0 0 :::8031 :::* LISTEN 1001 1842005 11252/java tcp6 0 0 :::8032 :::* LISTEN 1001 1842100 11252/java tcp6 0 0 :::8033 :::* LISTEN 1001 1842162 11252/java



Stopping Hadoop

$ pwd /usr/local/hadoop/sbin

$ ls distribute-exclude.sh httpfs.sh start-all.sh start-yarn.cmd stop-dfs.cmd yarn-daemon.sh hadoop-daemon.sh mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start-balancer.sh start-yarn.sh stop-dfs.sh yarn-daemons.sh hadoop-daemons.sh refresh-namenodes.sh start-dfs.cmd stop-all.cmd stop-secure-dns.sh hdfs-config.cmd slaves.sh start-dfs.sh stop-all.sh stop-yarn.cmd hdfs-config.sh start-all.cmd start-secure-dns.sh stop-balancer.sh stop-yarn.sh

We run stop-all.sh or (stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh) to stop all the daemons running on our machine:

hduser@laptop:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin$ pwd /usr/local/hadoop/sbin hduser@laptop:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin$ ls distribute-exclude.sh httpfs.sh start-all.cmd start-secure-dns.sh stop-balancer.sh stop-yarn.sh hadoop-daemon.sh kms.sh start-all.sh start-yarn.cmd stop-dfs.cmd yarn-daemon.sh hadoop-daemons.sh mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start-balancer.sh start-yarn.sh stop-dfs.sh yarn-daemons.sh hdfs-config.cmd refresh-namenodes.sh start-dfs.cmd stop-all.cmd stop-secure-dns.sh hdfs-config.sh slaves.sh start-dfs.sh stop-all.sh stop-yarn.cmd hduser@laptop:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin$ hduser@laptop:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin$ stop-all.sh This script is Deprecated. Instead use stop-dfs.sh and stop-yarn.sh 15/04/18 15:46:31 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable Stopping namenodes on [localhost] localhost: stopping namenode localhost: stopping datanode Stopping secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0] 0.0.0.0: no secondarynamenode to stop 15/04/18 15:46:59 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable stopping yarn daemons stopping resourcemanager localhost: stopping nodemanager no proxyserver to stop



Hadoop Web Interfaces

Let's start the Hadoop again and see its Web UI:

hduser@laptop:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin$ start-all.sh


http://localhost:50070/ - web UI of the NameNode daemon Hadoop_50070.png


Hadoop_50070_2.png


Hadoop_50070_3.png


SecondaryNameNode Hadoop_SecondaryNode.png

(Note) I had to restart Hadoop to get this Secondary Namenode.



DataNode Hadoop_DataNode.png


Hadoop_Logs.png



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Using Hadoop

If we have an application that is set up to use Hadoop, we can fire that up and start using it with our Hadoop installation!

Referensi

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