IPv6 Kernel: Bagaimana mengakses /proc-filesystem
11.1.1. Using “cat” and “echo”
Menggunakan “cat” dan “echo” adalah cara yang paling sederhana untuk mengakses filesistem /proc, akan tetapi beberapa pra-syarat dibutuhkan agar itu bisa dilakukan,
- Filesistem /proc harus di enable di kernel, oleh karenanya waktu compile harus di set agar
CONFIG_PROC_FS=y
- Filesistem /proc harus di mount sebelumnya, dapat di test menggunakan
# mount | grep "type proc" proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
- Kita perlu ijin untuk read, dan kadang-kadang write (biasanya hanya root) ke filesistem /proc
Biasanya, hanya /proc/sys/* yang bisa di write, sementara lainnya biasanya readonly dan hanya bisa di baca informasinya saja.
11.1.1.1. Retrieving a value
The value of an entry can be retrieved using “cat”:
# cat /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding 0
11.1.1.2. Setting a value
A new value can be set (if entry is writable) using “echo”:
# echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/forwarding
11.1.2. Using “sysctl”
Using the “sysctl” program to access the kernel switches is a modern method today. You can use it also, if the /proc-filesystem isn't mounted. But you have only access to /proc/sys/*!
The program “sysctl” is included in package “procps” (on Red Hat Linux systems).
The sysctl-interface had to be enabled in kernel, means on compiling following switch has to be set
CONFIG_SYSCTL=y
11.1.2.1. Retrieving a value
The value of an entry can be retrieved now:
# sysctl net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
11.1.2.2. Setting a value
A new value can be set (if entry is writable):
# sysctl -w net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding=1 net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
Note: Don't use spaces around the “=” on setting values. Also on multiple values per line, quote them like e.g.
# sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range="32768 61000" net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 32768 61000
11.1.2.3. Additionals
Note: There are sysctl versions in the wild which displaying “/” instead of the “.”
For more details take a look into sysctl's manpage.
Hint: for digging fast into the settings, use the option “-a” (display all entries) in conjunction with “grep”.
11.1.3. Values found in /proc-filesystems
There are several formats seen in /proc-filesystem:
- BOOLEAN: simple a “0” (false) or a “1” (true)
- INTEGER: an integer value, can be unsigned, too
more sophisticated lines with several values: sometimes a header line is displayed also, if not, have a look into the kernel source to retrieve information about the meaning of each value...