RaspberryPi: Compile Kernel Linux
Sumber: http://elinux.org/RPi_Kernel_Compilation
Overview
First, you are going to get and build the linux kernel and its modules using a suitable compiler (a "cross-compiler" if you aren't building it on the same hardware you will be running it on) and then you are going to create a kernel image from the uncompressed kernel (Image) to place on the sd, along with the modules you build alongside it.
From the Raspberry pi
Firmware
cd /opt git clone --depth 1 git://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware.git cd firmware/boot cp arm128_start.elf arm192_start.elf arm224_start.elf bootcode.bin loader.bin start.elf /boot/ cd /opt rm -r firmware
Kernel compilation
Debian pre-build
apt-get update apt-get -y dist-upgrade apt-get -y install git gcc make tmux
Arch Linux pre-build
pacman -Syu pacman -S git gcc make tmux
Common
cd /opt mkdir raspberrypi cd raspberrypi git clone --depth 1 git://github.com/raspberrypi/linux.git cd linux zcat /proc/config.gz > .config #optional#make menuconfig tmux new -s make nice make; nice make modules [Ctrl]+[B],[D] ############## … 5 hours later ... tmux a -t m [Ctrl]+[D] cp arch/arm/boot/Image /boot/kernel.img make ARCH=arm modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/ cd /opt rm -r raspberrypi shutdown -r now;
From a foreign machine
Firmware
cd /opt git clone git://github.com/raspberrypi/firmware.git cd firmware/boot scp arm128_start.elf arm192_start.elf arm224_start.elf bootcode.bin loader.bin start.elf <user>@<host>:/boot/
After the first time:
cd /opt/firmware git pull cd boot scp arm128_start.elf arm192_start.elf arm224_start.elf bootcode.bin loader.bin start.elf <user>@<host>:/boot/
Kernel compilation
You can use the "-j" flag to improve compilation time. If you have a dual core machine you can use "-j 3", for a quad core machine you can use "-j 6", and so on.
Ubunt
apt-get install git gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi make ncurses-dev cd /opt mkdir raspberrypi cd raspberrypi git clone git://github.com/raspberrypi/linux.git cd linux cp arch/arm/configs/bcmrpi_cutdown_defconfig .config make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi- oldconfig #optional#make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi- menuconfig make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi- -k
Gentoo Linux
crossdev -S -v -t arm-unknown-linux-gnueabi mkdir raspberrypi cd raspberrypi git clone git://github.com/raspberrypi/linux.git cd linux cp arch/arm/configs/bcmrpi_cutdown_defconfig .config make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi- oldconfig #optional#make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi- menuconfig make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi- -k
crossdev should create a cross-toolchain using the latest stable versions of the required packages. If it fails, you can specify exact versions by removing the "-S" flag and adding the "--b", "--g", "--k" and "--l" flags.
On 2012-05-06, cross -S -v -A gnueabi arm works just fine
Arch Linux
pacman -S git yaourt -S arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc cd /opt mkdir raspberrypi cd raspberrypi git clone git://github.com/raspberrypi/linux.git cd linux cp arch/arm/configs/bcmrpi_cutdown_defconfig .config make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi- oldconfig #optional#make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi- menuconfig make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/usr/bin/arm-linux-gnueabi- -k
OS X
The Kernel source requires a case-sensitive filesystem. If you do not have a HFS+ Case-sensitive partition that can be used, create a disk image with the appropriate format. Ensure latest Xcode and command line tools are installed from Apple Developer Connection
Macports
Install macports
port install arm-none-eabi-gcc port install arm-none-eabi-binutils cd /opt mkdir raspberrypi cd raspberrypi git clone git://github.com/raspberrypi/linux.git cd linux cp arch/arm/configs/bcmrpi_cutdown_defconfig .config make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/local/bin/arm-none-eabi- oldconfig make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/opt/local/bin/arm-none-eabi- -k
If you get an error message that elf.h is missing
sudo port install libelf && sudo ln -s /opt/local/include/libelf /usr/include/libelf
From opensource.apple.com, download and copy elf.h and elftypes.h to /usr/include
Edit elf.h and add
#define R_386_NONE 0 #define R_386_32 1 #define R_386_PC32 2 #define R_ARM_NONE 0 #define R_ARM_PC24 1 #define R_ARM_ABS32 2 #define R_MIPS_NONE 0 #define R_MIPS_16 1 #define R_MIPS_32 2 #define R_MIPS_REL32 3 #define R_MIPS_26 4 #define R_MIPS_HI16 5 #define R_MIPS_LO16 6
If you get a "SEGMENT_SIZE is undeclared" error open the Makefile and change the line:
NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include)
to
NOSTDINC_FLAGS += -nostdinc -isystem $(shell $(CC) -print-file-name=include) -Dlinux
Yagarto
Downoad and install an GNU ARM toolchain such as yagarto.
cd /opt mkdir raspberrypi cd raspberrypi git clone git://github.com/raspberrypi/linux.git cd linux cp arch/arm/configs/bcmrpi_cutdown_defconfig .config make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/path/to/yagarto/bin/arm-none-eabi- oldconfig make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=/path/to/yagarto/bin/arm-none-eabi- -k
Transferring The Build
Then you have to transfer this img file to the /boot directory and install the compiled modules. Unfortunately the compiled modules are not in a single place, there are two options of installing them.
Boot your RaspberryPi and mount the linux directory over the network using sshfs:
cd /mnt mkdir linux sshfs <user>@<host>:<path/to/linux> linux cd linux make install make modules_install
If you got "Permission denied" when doing cd linux, try:
sudo sh -c "cd linux ; make modules_install"
If that is not an option, you can also install the modules into a temporary folder:
mkdir /tmp/modules make ARCH=arm modules_install INSTALL_MOD_PATH=/tmp/modules
Now you have to copy the contents of that directory to /lib/modules on the SD card.
scp linux/arch/arm/boot/Image <user>@<host>:/boot/kernel.img scp -r /tmp/modules/* <user>@<host>://lib/modules/
Once you've done those two steps, you are ready to put the SD card in and try booting your new system!