Orange: Python Script
Sumber: https://docs.biolab.si//3/visual-programming/widgets/data/pythonscript.html
Extends functionalities through Python scripting.
Inputs
Data (Orange.data.Table): input dataset bound to in_data variable
Learner (Orange.classification.Learner): input learner bound to in_learner variable
Classifier (Orange.classification.Learner): input classifier bound to in_classifier variable
Object: input Python object bound to in_object variable
Outputs
Data (Orange.data.Table): dataset retrieved from out_data variable
Learner (Orange.classification.Learner): learner retrieved from out_learner variable
Classifier (Orange.classification.Learner): classifier retrieved from out_classifier variable
Object: Python object retrieved from out_object variable
Python Script widget can be used to run a python script in the input, when a suitable functionality is not implemented in an existing widget. The script has in_data, in_distance, in_learner, in_classifier and in_object variables (from input signals) in its local namespace. If a signal is not connected or it did not yet receive any data, those variables contain None.
After the script is executed variables from the script’s local namespace are extracted and used as outputs of the widget. The widget can be further connected to other widgets for visualizing the output.
For instance the following script would simply pass on all signals it receives:
out_data = in_data out_distance = in_distance out_learner = in_learner out_classifier = in_classifier out_object = in_object
Note: You should not modify the input objects in place.
../../_images/PythonScript-stamped.png
Info box contains names of basic operators for Orange Python script.
The Library control can be used to manage multiple scripts. Pressing “+” will add a new entry and open it in the Python script editor. When the script is modified, its entry in the Library will change to indicate it has unsaved changes. Pressing Update will save the script (keyboard shortcut “Ctrl+S”). A script can be removed by selecting it and pressing the “-“ button.
Pressing Execute in the Run box executes the script (keyboard shortcut “Ctrl+R”). Any script output (from print) is captured and displayed in the Console below the script.
The Python script editor on the left can be used to edit a script (it supports some rudimentary syntax highlighting).
Console displays the output of the script.
Examples
Python Script widget is intended to extend functionalities for advanced users. Classes from Orange library are described in the documentation. To find further information about orange Table class see Table, Domain, and Variable documentation.
One can, for example, do batch filtering by attributes. We used zoo.tab for the example and we filtered out all the attributes that have more than 5 discrete values. This in our case removed only ‘leg’ attribute, but imagine an example where one would have many such attributes.
from Orange.data import Domain, Table domain = Domain([attr for attr in in_data.domain.attributes
if attr.is_continuous or len(attr.values) <= 5],
in_data.domain.class_vars)
out_data = Table(domain, in_data)
../../_images/PythonScript-filtering.png
The second example shows how to round all the values in a few lines of code. This time we used wine.tab and rounded all the values to whole numbers.
import numpy as np out_data = in_data.copy()
- copy, otherwise input data will be overwritten
np.round(out_data.X, 0, out_data.X)
../../_images/PythonScript-round.png
The third example introduces some Gaussian noise to the data. Again we make a copy of the input data, then walk through all the values with a double for loop and add random noise.
import random from Orange.data import Domain, Table new_data = in_data.copy() for inst in new_data:
for f in inst.domain.attributes: inst[f] += random.gauss(0, 0.02)
out_data = new_data
../../_images/PythonScript-gauss.png
The final example uses Orange3-Text add-on. Python Script is very useful for custom preprocessing in text mining, extracting new features from strings, or utilizing advanced nltk or gensim functions. Below, we simply tokenized our input data from deerwester.tab by splitting them by whitespace.
print('Running Preprocessing ...') tokens = [doc.split(' ') for doc in in_data.documents] print('Tokens:', tokens) out_object = in_data out_object.store_tokens(tokens)
You can add a lot of other preprocessing steps to further adjust the output. The output of Python Script can be used with any widget that accepts the type of output your script produces. In this case, connection is green, which signalizes the right type of input for Word Cloud widget.
../../_images/PythonScript-Example3.png