Difference between revisions of "IPv6: Static Routing"
Onnowpurbo (talk | contribs) |
Onnowpurbo (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
Misalnya, dalam contoh routing domain, routing statik yang memungkinkan lalu lintas yang dialihkan antara router "A," "B," dan "C" dapat dikonfigurasi sebagai berikut: | Misalnya, dalam contoh routing domain, routing statik yang memungkinkan lalu lintas yang dialihkan antara router "A," "B," dan "C" dapat dikonfigurasi sebagai berikut: | ||
| − | Contoh konfigurasi statik route di sebuah jaringan | + | ==Contoh konfigurasi statik route di sebuah jaringan== |
{| border="1" cellpadding=2 style="border-collapse: collapse" | {| border="1" cellpadding=2 style="border-collapse: collapse" | ||
| Line 39: | Line 39: | ||
[[File:Figure 9-3.png|center|400px|thumb]] | [[File:Figure 9-3.png|center|400px|thumb]] | ||
| + | ==Keuntungan dari Routing Statik== | ||
| − | + | Routing statik relatif dapat diandalkan dan memberi kita kontrol ketat terhadap arus lalu lintas. KIta menentukan dengan pasti koneksi mana yang digunakan untuk meneruskan lalu lintas ke setiap tujuan. Dalam VLAN yang diberikan, kita dapat menggunakan beberapa alamat IPv6 untuk menambahkan beberapa rute statik di VLAN. Keuntungan lain termasuk: | |
| − | + | * Efisien dalam jaringan kecil dengan beberapa jalur yang dikelola | |
| + | * Kemudahan konfigurasi dan pemeliharaan | ||
| + | * Penggunaan CPU yang lebih rendah | ||
| − | + | ==Kerugian dari Routing Statik== | |
| − | + | Dalam jaringan yang besar atau berkembang, mengkonfigurasi rute statis untuk semua rute yang diperlukan dapat menjadi semakin rumit dan memakan waktu. Memastikan bahwa semua rute tetap akurat juga dapat menambah beban administrasi. Setiap kali kita menambahkan koneksi atau mengubah rute, kita harus mengkonfigurasi perubahan pada setiap perangkat router di jaringan. Selain itu, router tidak secara otomatis menanggapi koneksi statis yang gagal, sehingga lalu lintas dapat hilang atau salah sasaran. | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | + | CATATAN: Aplikasi manajemen jaringan dan pemantauan seperti PCM dan PCM + dapat mendeteksi rute statik yang gagal. | |
| + | ==Tipe Routing Statik== | ||
| − | + | Kita dapat mengkonfigurasi jenis rute IPv6 statis berikut ini: | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
Standard: The static route consists of: | Standard: The static route consists of: | ||
| Line 88: | Line 82: | ||
Example of static routes in an ECMP application illustrates the default and configured null route entries in the switch's routing table. | Example of static routes in an ECMP application illustrates the default and configured null route entries in the switch's routing table. | ||
| − | Static routing default settings | + | |
| + | ==Static routing default settings== | ||
The routing switch applies default administrative distance and metric values to ensure that static routes are preferred over dynamic routes to the same destination. | The routing switch applies default administrative distance and metric values to ensure that static routes are preferred over dynamic routes to the same destination. | ||
| Line 96: | Line 91: | ||
Metric: In the case of static routes, this is the value the routing switch uses when comparing a static route to routes in the routing table from any dynamic routes to the same destination. The metric for static routes is fixed, that is, always set to "1". | Metric: In the case of static routes, this is the value the routing switch uses when comparing a static route to routes in the routing table from any dynamic routes to the same destination. The metric for static routes is fixed, that is, always set to "1". | ||
| − | Static route states follow VLAN states | + | ==Static route states follow VLAN states== |
Static routes remain in the routing table only while the interface link to the next-hop router is up. If the next-hop router interface link goes down, the software removes the static route from the routing table. If the next-hop interface comes up again, the software adds the route back to the routing table. | Static routes remain in the routing table only while the interface link to the next-hop router is up. If the next-hop router interface link goes down, the software removes the static route from the routing table. If the next-hop interface comes up again, the software adds the route back to the routing table. | ||
This feature allows the routing switch to adjust to changes in network topology. The routing switch does not continue trying to use routes on unreachable paths, but instead uses routes only when their paths are reachable. | This feature allows the routing switch to adjust to changes in network topology. The routing switch does not continue trying to use routes on unreachable paths, but instead uses routes only when their paths are reachable. | ||
| − | Static routes for ECMP applications | + | |
| + | ==Static routes for ECMP applications== | ||
Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP) is a routing strategy where next-hop packet forwarding to a single destination can occur over multiple "best paths." Each path has the same cost as the other paths, but a different next-hop router. In static routing, load-balancing can be achieved through ECMP. Example of static routes in an ECMP application illustrates static routes applied to an ECMP topology. | Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP) is a routing strategy where next-hop packet forwarding to a single destination can occur over multiple "best paths." Each path has the same cost as the other paths, but a different next-hop router. In static routing, load-balancing can be achieved through ECMP. Example of static routes in an ECMP application illustrates static routes applied to an ECMP topology. | ||
Revision as of 08:06, 14 March 2019
Rute statik adalah tool yang memungkinkan untuk membatasi dan mengatasi masalah arus lalu lintas yang disalurkan dan dalam jaringan kecil dapat memberikan konfigurasi paling sederhana dan paling dapat diandalkan untuk IPv6 routing.
Rute statik dikonfigurasikan secara manual dalam tabel routing. Entri rute statis terdiri dari yang berikut:
- Prefix jaringan IPv6 untuk route jaringan yang di tuju
- gateway next-hop, yang dapat berupa salah satu dari berikut ini:
- bisa link-local address dan ID VLAN atau VLAN link ke router next-hop
- Alamat Global unicast pada router next-hop
- Antarmuka "null" (router switch akan meneruskan lalu lintas yang ke antarmuka null)
- Opsional, kita bisa menset distance administrasi non-standar
CATATAN: Untuk mengaktifkan routing di kedua arah pada routing statik, anda harus mengonfigurasi routing statik timbal balik pada router di kedua ujung router. Pada sebuah routing switch anda dapat membuat satu routing statik atau null route ke tujuan tertentu. Beberapa rute statik atau null ke tujuan yang sama tidak didukung.Sebuah routing switch secara bersamaan dapat mendukung maksimum 256 rute statik IPv6 dan 256 rute statik IPv4.
Misalnya, dalam contoh routing domain, routing statik yang memungkinkan lalu lintas yang dialihkan antara router "A," "B," dan "C" dapat dikonfigurasi sebagai berikut:
Contoh konfigurasi statik route di sebuah jaringan
| Router "A" | Router "B" | Router "C" |
|---|---|---|
| ipv6 route 2620:a::/64 2620:e::55:1 | ipv6 route 2620:a::/64 2620:b::22:1 | ipv6 route 2620:c::/64 2620:b::22:2 |
| ipv6 route 2620:b::/64 2620:e::55:1 | ipv6 route 2620:c::/64 2620:e::55:2 | ipv6 route 2620:e::/64 2620:b::22:2 |
Catatan: next-hop address dapat global unicast atau link-local.
Contoh sebuah routing domain
Keuntungan dari Routing Statik
Routing statik relatif dapat diandalkan dan memberi kita kontrol ketat terhadap arus lalu lintas. KIta menentukan dengan pasti koneksi mana yang digunakan untuk meneruskan lalu lintas ke setiap tujuan. Dalam VLAN yang diberikan, kita dapat menggunakan beberapa alamat IPv6 untuk menambahkan beberapa rute statik di VLAN. Keuntungan lain termasuk:
- Efisien dalam jaringan kecil dengan beberapa jalur yang dikelola
- Kemudahan konfigurasi dan pemeliharaan
- Penggunaan CPU yang lebih rendah
Kerugian dari Routing Statik
Dalam jaringan yang besar atau berkembang, mengkonfigurasi rute statis untuk semua rute yang diperlukan dapat menjadi semakin rumit dan memakan waktu. Memastikan bahwa semua rute tetap akurat juga dapat menambah beban administrasi. Setiap kali kita menambahkan koneksi atau mengubah rute, kita harus mengkonfigurasi perubahan pada setiap perangkat router di jaringan. Selain itu, router tidak secara otomatis menanggapi koneksi statis yang gagal, sehingga lalu lintas dapat hilang atau salah sasaran.
CATATAN: Aplikasi manajemen jaringan dan pemantauan seperti PCM dan PCM + dapat mendeteksi rute statik yang gagal.
Tipe Routing Statik
Kita dapat mengkonfigurasi jenis rute IPv6 statis berikut ini:
Standard: The static route consists of:
Destination network prefix
Link-local IPv6 address and VLAN ID of the (next-hop router) gateway IPv6 address
Interface-based: The static route consists of:
Destination network address or host and a corresponding network prefix
VLAN interface through which you want the routing switch to send traffic for the route
Null (discard): Null routes include the following:
Default: When IPv6 routing is enabled, a route for the ::1/128 network is created and traffic to this network is rejected (dropped). The loopback address (lo0) is entered as the gateway. This route is for all traffic to the "loopback" network, with the single exception of traffic to the host address of the switch's loopback interface.
Configured: Provides a route that is used as a backup route for discarding traffic where the primary route is unavailable. A configured null route consists of:
Destination network address or host and a corresponding network mask
Either the reject keyword (traffic dropped with ICMP notification to the sender) or blackhole keyword (traffic dropped without any ICMP notification).
Non-default null routes created with the reject or blackhole keywords use a gateway of zero (0).
Example of static routes in an ECMP application illustrates the default and configured null route entries in the switch's routing table.
Static routing default settings
The routing switch applies default administrative distance and metric values to ensure that static routes are preferred over dynamic routes to the same destination.
Administrative distance: In the case of static routes, this is the value the routing switch uses to compare a static route to routes from other route sources to the same destination before placing a route in the routing table. The default administrative distance for static routes is 1, but can be configured to any value in the range of 1–255.
Metric: In the case of static routes, this is the value the routing switch uses when comparing a static route to routes in the routing table from any dynamic routes to the same destination. The metric for static routes is fixed, that is, always set to "1".
Static route states follow VLAN states
Static routes remain in the routing table only while the interface link to the next-hop router is up. If the next-hop router interface link goes down, the software removes the static route from the routing table. If the next-hop interface comes up again, the software adds the route back to the routing table.
This feature allows the routing switch to adjust to changes in network topology. The routing switch does not continue trying to use routes on unreachable paths, but instead uses routes only when their paths are reachable.
Static routes for ECMP applications
Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP) is a routing strategy where next-hop packet forwarding to a single destination can occur over multiple "best paths." Each path has the same cost as the other paths, but a different next-hop router. In static routing, load-balancing can be achieved through ECMP. Example of static routes in an ECMP application illustrates static routes applied to an ECMP topology.
Example of static routes in an ECMP application Example of static routes in an ECMP application
The [no] ip load-sharing <2–4> command enables or disables load-sharing for both IPv4 and IPv6 applications and specifies the number of ECMP routes to allow. In the default configuration, load-sharing is enabled with four ECMP routes allowed. For more information, see Equal-cost multi-path routing (ECMP) for the Switch 2620-series.
Referensi
Pranala Menarik