Apache: Virtual Host - lagi

Sumber: https://serversforhackers.com/c/configuring-apache-virtual-hosts

Apache memungkinkan kita untuk menjalankan beberapa situs dalam sebuah server apache.

Di Ubuntu, setup virtual host bisa di operasikan secara default. File yang di tambahkan ke /etc/apache2/sites-enabled akan di baca.

Ubuntu menggunakan dua (2) directory untuk virtual host, yaitu:

• /etc/apache2/sites-available
• /etc/apache2/sites-enabled

Folder site-enabled berisi symlink ke site-available, dengan cara ini kita dapat mengkonfigurasi dengan aman di site-available jika di disable dengan cara menghilangkan symlink.

Cara Mengaktifkan Konfigurasi virtual host

Misalnya kita mempunyai konfigurasi virtual host (test.com.conf) di /etc/apache2/sites-available/test.com.conf yang belum di enable. Untuk mengaktifkannya cukup menggunakan,

$ sudo a2ensite test.com.conf  # membuat symlink dari site-enabled ke site-available
$ sudo service apache2 reload  # reload pache config agar host virtual yang baru jadi masuk

Untuk mendisable,

$ sudo a2dissite test.com.conf  #Remove symlink
$ sudo service apache2 reload

File Konfigurasi Virtual Host

Cara yang paling mudah, copy / contek default.conf

$ sudo cp /etc/apache2/sites-available/000-default.conf \
          /etc/apache2/sites-available/myproject.conf

Isinya kira-kira

<VirtualHost *:80>
    # The ServerName directive sets the request scheme, hostname and port that
    # the server uses to identify itself. This is used when creating
    # redirection URLs. In the context of virtual hosts, the ServerName
    # specifies what hostname must appear in the request's Host: header to
    # match this virtual host. For the default virtual host (this file) this
    # value is not decisive as it is used as a last resort host regardless.
    # However, you must set it for any further virtual host explicitly.
    #ServerName www.example.com

    ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
    DocumentRoot /var/www

    # Available loglevels: trace8, ..., trace1, debug, info, notice, warn,
    # error, crit, alert, emerg.
    # It is also possible to configure the loglevel for particular
    # modules, e.g.
    #LogLevel info ssl:warn

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log
    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined

    # For most configuration files from conf-available/, which are
    # enabled or disabled at a global level, it is possible to
    # include a line for only one particular virtual host. For example the
    # following line enables the CGI configuration for this host only
    # after it has been globally disabled with "a2disconf".
    #Include conf-available/serve-cgi-bin.conf
</VirtualHost>

Ubah di sesuaikan dengan virtual host kita,

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName myproject.192.168.33.10.xip.io 

    DocumentRoot /var/www/myproject/public  

    <Directory /var/www/myproject/public>
        Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks +MultiViews
        AllowOverride All
        Require all granted
    </Directory>

    ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myproject-error.log 

    # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit,
    # alert, emerg.
    LogLevel warn

    CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/myproject-access.log combined 

</VirtualHost>

Arti masing-masing parameter

• ServerName dan ServerAlias: Memberitahukan Apache akan virtual host yang akan di akses
• DocumentRoot: Ubah sesuai dengan folder tempat meletakan file untuk host tersebut
• Options -Indexes:: -Indexes menghentikan orang untuk bisa masuk ke directory dan melihat file yang ada di situ.
• AllowOverride: Set ke "all" untuk allow .htaccess files di virtual host (dan sub-directory)
• ErrorLog, CustomLog: Buat log file untuk domain virtual tersebut.

The Hosts File

You might also need this. Every computer has a hosts file. This file can tell your computer what server to use when you request a specific domain.

For example, if you set a virtual host for url myproject.local, your browser won't know what server to send that request to. However, if you also know your server's IP address is 192.168.33.10, then you can edit your hosts file and add the entry 192.168.33.10 myproject.local, which informs it where to look when that URL is used.

Here's how to edit the hosts file on mac and two methods for editing hosts file (as an administrator) on Windows.

Personally, I've started using xip.io, which will map to the IP address given in the URL. This way, you can setup a virtual host with a ServerName such as myproject.192.168.33.11.xip.io, and use http://myproject.192.168.33.11.xip.io in your browser to go to the server. Note that the IP address I used would be the address of your Vagrant server. This lets you avoid editing your hosts file!

More Resources

   Upgrading from Apache 2.2 to 2.4. Some servers still install 2.2, however some install the newer 2.4. If you find yourself suddenly using 2.4, know that it comes with some changes in configuration. The above article outlines those.
   My vhost tool script and the comment on usage, in both Python and Bash flavors. For Ubuntu specifically. This creates and enables an Apache virtual host for you.

If you need more information, check the documentation. Luckily, it's fairly easy to understand once you know the files to edit. Most comment setups for virtual hosts include name-based, in which you differentiate virtual hosts via ServerName. However you can also use IP addresses to differentiate.

Referensi

• https://serversforhackers.com/c/configuring-apache-virtual-hosts