Difference between revisions of "OS: Android - x86"
Onnowpurbo (talk | contribs) |
Onnowpurbo (talk | contribs) |
||
| Line 112: | Line 112: | ||
If you want to add new target for your x86 device, refer to the article. | If you want to add new target for your x86 device, refer to the article. | ||
| − | Building directly | + | |
| + | ==Building directly== | ||
To build a live cdrom iso image for target android_x86, type: | To build a live cdrom iso image for target android_x86, type: | ||
| − | $ make iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=android_x86 | + | $ make iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=android_x86 |
To generate a live cdrom iso for tegav2, type | To generate a live cdrom iso for tegav2, type | ||
| − | $ make iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=tegav2 | + | $ make iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=tegav2 |
Then you will get an iso file out/target/product/x86/android_x86.iso, etc. | Then you will get an iso file out/target/product/x86/android_x86.iso, etc. | ||
If the computer you build on has more then one processor or core, you can take advantage of multiprocessing (or make jobs) by adding -jX to the beginning of your make command: | If the computer you build on has more then one processor or core, you can take advantage of multiprocessing (or make jobs) by adding -jX to the beginning of your make command: | ||
| − | $ make -jX iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=android_x86 | + | $ make -jX iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=android_x86 |
Replace X by the number of processors you have. For example, if you have a quad core CPU, replace X with 4: | Replace X by the number of processors you have. For example, if you have a quad core CPU, replace X with 4: | ||
| − | $ make -j4 iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=android_x86 | + | $ make -j4 iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=android_x86 |
Using buildspec.mk | Using buildspec.mk | ||
You can create a buildspec.mk in your android-x86 directory to remember a particular target product you build often: | You can create a buildspec.mk in your android-x86 directory to remember a particular target product you build often: | ||
| − | TARGET_PRODUCT:=android_x86 | + | TARGET_PRODUCT:=android_x86 |
| − | TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT:=userdebug | + | TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT:=userdebug |
| − | TARGET_BUILD_TYPE:=release | + | TARGET_BUILD_TYPE:=release |
| − | TARGET_KERNEL_CONFIG:=android-x86_defconfig | + | TARGET_KERNEL_CONFIG:=android-x86_defconfig |
With your buildspec.mk file in your android-x86 directory, you can just make by | With your buildspec.mk file in your android-x86 directory, you can just make by | ||
| − | $ make -jX iso_img | + | $ make -jX iso_img |
| − | Using lunch command | + | |
| + | ==Using lunch command== | ||
You can source the file build/envsetup.sh into your bash environment to get some shell functions to help the building: | You can source the file build/envsetup.sh into your bash environment to get some shell functions to help the building: | ||
| − | $ . build/envsetup.sh | + | $ . build/envsetup.sh |
Now you can select a target by lunch command: | Now you can select a target by lunch command: | ||
| − | $ lunch $TARGET_PRODUCT-$TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT | + | $ lunch $TARGET_PRODUCT-$TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT |
where $TARGET_PRODUCT is any target described in the previous section, and possible values of $TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT are eng, user, userdebug. For example, | where $TARGET_PRODUCT is any target described in the previous section, and possible values of $TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT are eng, user, userdebug. For example, | ||
| − | $ lunch android_x86-eng | + | $ lunch android_x86-eng |
Then you can build by m command: | Then you can build by m command: | ||
| − | $ m -jX iso_img | + | $ m -jX iso_img |
m command is equivalent to make, but you can use it in any subdirectory of the android-x86 tree. | m command is equivalent to make, but you can use it in any subdirectory of the android-x86 tree. | ||
Since froyo-x86, we also add menu selection to lunch command. Just type lunch, and you will get a list of available targets. Choose a target by inputting its number. Alternatively, just type lunch $number. | Since froyo-x86, we also add menu selection to lunch command. Just type lunch, and you will get a list of available targets. Choose a target by inputting its number. Alternatively, just type lunch $number. | ||
| − | Build smaller image | + | |
| + | ==Build smaller image== | ||
If you have squashfs-tools 4.0 (older version will not work) installed in your host, the generated Android core filesystem will be compressed by squashfs. So the iso file is very small (only about 30-40%). If you hope to disable it, add USE_SQUASHFS=0 to make. You can put it to buildspec.mk: | If you have squashfs-tools 4.0 (older version will not work) installed in your host, the generated Android core filesystem will be compressed by squashfs. So the iso file is very small (only about 30-40%). If you hope to disable it, add USE_SQUASHFS=0 to make. You can put it to buildspec.mk: | ||
| − | USE_SQUASHFS := 0 | + | USE_SQUASHFS := 0 |
Before froyo-x86 (included), If you hope to get a more smaller image, you may remove the debugging symbols by adding | Before froyo-x86 (included), If you hope to get a more smaller image, you may remove the debugging symbols by adding | ||
| − | TARGET_STRIP := 1 | + | TARGET_STRIP := 1 |
Since gingerbread-x86, the debugging symbols are stripped by default. Do not use this option anymore. | Since gingerbread-x86, the debugging symbols are stripped by default. Do not use this option anymore. | ||
| − | Testing | + | |
| + | ==Testing== | ||
The generated image is located at | The generated image is located at | ||
| Line 173: | Line 177: | ||
Since honeycomb-x86, we supports the hybrid iso format. That is, the iso could be dumped to a usb disk directly. You may create a bootable USB disk by | Since honeycomb-x86, we supports the hybrid iso format. That is, the iso could be dumped to a usb disk directly. You may create a bootable USB disk by | ||
| − | $ dd if=out/target/product/x86/android_x86.iso of=/dev/sdX | + | $ dd if=out/target/product/x86/android_x86.iso of=/dev/sdX |
where /dev/sdX is the device name of your USB disk. This feature is only available for iso files released after 2011/12/25. Note usb_img is deprecated. Do not use it anymore. | where /dev/sdX is the device name of your USB disk. This feature is only available for iso files released after 2011/12/25. Note usb_img is deprecated. Do not use it anymore. | ||
| Line 179: | Line 183: | ||
Some broken BIOS (e.g., Acer AO) is unable to boot a USB disk created in this way. If so, you may try to create bootable USB drive from the iso file by unetbootin. For both linux and windows user, here are the steps (suggested by Gregory Gee ) : | Some broken BIOS (e.g., Acer AO) is unable to boot a USB disk created in this way. If so, you may try to create bootable USB drive from the iso file by unetbootin. For both linux and windows user, here are the steps (suggested by Gregory Gee ) : | ||
| − | 1. Download the ISO image of android-x86. | + | 1. Download the ISO image of android-x86. |
| − | 2. Download UNetbootin from http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/ | + | 2. Download UNetbootin from http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/ |
| − | 3. Make sure you USB key is formatted. UNetbootin silently fails to work if not formated. I formatted my USB key fat32. | + | 3. Make sure you USB key is formatted. UNetbootin silently fails to work if not formated. I formatted my USB key fat32. |
| − | 4. Run UNetbootin | + | 4. Run UNetbootin |
| − | + | Select your USB key as the Drive. | |
| − | + | Select the android-x86 ISO file as the disk image. | |
| − | + | Click ok and wait. | |
It should take a minute to do. If it only took UNetbootin a few seconds to copy to USB, like my first attempt, then it didn't work. So remember on future upgrades to reformat your USB key before each android install. | It should take a minute to do. If it only took UNetbootin a few seconds to copy to USB, like my first attempt, then it didn't work. So remember on future upgrades to reformat your USB key before each android install. | ||
| Line 191: | Line 195: | ||
Another choice is the Linux Live USB Creator ( LiLi ) project, which officially support Android-x86. | Another choice is the Linux Live USB Creator ( LiLi ) project, which officially support Android-x86. | ||
| − | Advanced | + | |
| + | ==Advanced== | ||
This section describes some useful information for advanced users. You may need good linux expertise to complete it. | This section describes some useful information for advanced users. You may need good linux expertise to complete it. | ||
| Line 233: | Line 238: | ||
Install your favorite linux distribution, then copy android files and modify the grub menu. | Install your favorite linux distribution, then copy android files and modify the grub menu. | ||
| − | Save data to USB/hard disk | + | ==Save data to USB/hard disk== |
We support two ways to save data to your disk. | We support two ways to save data to your disk. | ||
| Line 252: | Line 257: | ||
Here is an example of a conflict in the manifest: | Here is an example of a conflict in the manifest: | ||
| − | $ repo sync | + | $ repo sync |
| − | remote: Counting objects: 71, done. | + | remote: Counting objects: 71, done. |
| − | remote: Compressing objects: 100% (41/41), done. | + | remote: Compressing objects: 100% (41/41), done. |
| − | remote: Total 65 (delta 25), reused 28 (delta 9) | + | remote: Total 65 (delta 25), reused 28 (delta 9) |
| − | Unpacking objects: 100% (65/65), done. | + | Unpacking objects: 100% (65/65), done. |
| − | From git://git.tarot.com.tw/android-x86/platform/manifest | + | From git://git.tarot.com.tw/android-x86/platform/manifest |
| − | + | d53e6c1..2de7a11 android-1.5r2 -> origin/android-1.5r2 | |
| − | + | * [new branch] android-1.5r3 -> origin/android-1.5r3 | |
| − | + | * [new branch] android-sdk-1.5_r3 -> origin/android-sdk-1.5_r3 | |
| − | + | d53e6c1..c544020 cupcake -> origin/cupcake | |
| − | + | * [new branch] cupcake-release -> origin/cupcake-release | |
| − | + | f4d79b1..6f7e0dd donut -> origin/donut | |
| − | + | + 7308d31...4a4f936 lan -> origin/lan (forced update) | |
| − | + | + b480a6d...d82496e local -> origin/local (forced update) | |
| − | + | + 11c9d96...84345fb master -> origin/master (forced update) | |
| − | + | + 5bcbf93...66e92cc mirror -> origin/mirror (forced update) | |
| − | + | + 9f3092f...665f9e8 ssh -> origin/ssh (forced update) | |
| − | + | + c6037be...d70927f ssh-mirror -> origin/ssh-mirror (forced update) | |
| − | + | + 00a823f...3ddaf66 test -> origin/test (forced update) | |
| − | + | * [new tag] android-1.5r3 -> android-1.5r3 | |
| − | + | * [new tag] android-sdk-1.5_r3 -> android-sdk-1.5_r3 | |
| − | Fetching projects: 100% (128/128), done. | + | Fetching projects: 100% (128/128), done. |
| − | project .repo/manifests/ | + | project .repo/manifests/ |
| − | First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it... | + | First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it... |
| − | Applying: merge donut, change or add the projects to x86 port | + | Applying: merge donut, change or add the projects to x86 port |
| − | error: patch failed: default.xml:3 | + | error: patch failed: default.xml:3 |
| − | error: default.xml: patch does not apply | + | error: default.xml: patch does not apply |
| − | Using index info to reconstruct a base tree... | + | Using index info to reconstruct a base tree... |
| − | Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge... | + | Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge... |
| − | Auto-merging default.xml | + | Auto-merging default.xml |
| − | CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in default.xml | + | CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in default.xml |
| − | Failed to merge in the changes. | + | Failed to merge in the changes. |
| − | Patch failed at 0001 merge donut, change or add the projects to x86 port | + | Patch failed at 0001 merge donut, change or add the projects to x86 port |
When you have resolved this problem run "git rebase --continue". | When you have resolved this problem run "git rebase --continue". | ||
| Line 292: | Line 297: | ||
repo sync stopped on conflicts. Since we don't have local modifications, just ignore it by git rebase --skip: | repo sync stopped on conflicts. Since we don't have local modifications, just ignore it by git rebase --skip: | ||
| − | $ cd .repo/manifests | + | $ cd .repo/manifests |
| − | $ git rebase --skip | + | $ git rebase --skip |
| − | HEAD is now at 4a4f936 add branch for local lan | + | HEAD is now at 4a4f936 add branch for local lan |
| − | Applying: add platform/frameworks/policies/base to x86 | + | Applying: add platform/frameworks/policies/base to x86 |
| − | error: patch failed: default.xml:18 | + | error: patch failed: default.xml:18 |
| − | error: default.xml: patch does not apply | + | error: default.xml: patch does not apply |
| − | Using index info to reconstruct a base tree... | + | Using index info to reconstruct a base tree... |
| − | Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge... | + | Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge... |
| − | Auto-merging default.xml | + | Auto-merging default.xml |
| − | No changes -- Patch already applied. | + | No changes -- Patch already applied. |
| − | Applying: add branch for local lan | + | Applying: add branch for local lan |
| − | error: patch failed: default.xml:1 | + | error: patch failed: default.xml:1 |
| − | error: default.xml: patch does not apply | + | error: default.xml: patch does not apply |
| − | Using index info to reconstruct a base tree... | + | Using index info to reconstruct a base tree... |
| − | Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge... | + | Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge... |
| − | Auto-merging default.xml | + | Auto-merging default.xml |
| − | No changes -- Patch already applied. | + | No changes -- Patch already applied. |
If it complains about another conflict, do git rebase --skip again, until the rebase procedure completes. Usually it is enough, but if you hope to be absolute clean, you can ignore this branch and checkout a new one: | If it complains about another conflict, do git rebase --skip again, until the rebase procedure completes. Usually it is enough, but if you hope to be absolute clean, you can ignore this branch and checkout a new one: | ||
| − | $ git checkout -t kitkat-x86 m/kitkat-x86 | + | |
| + | $ git checkout -t kitkat-x86 m/kitkat-x86 | ||
This may not be the best approach to solve conflicts, but should be easy enough for beginners. If you have better suggestions, just tell us. | This may not be the best approach to solve conflicts, but should be easy enough for beginners. If you have better suggestions, just tell us. | ||
| − | Customize kernel | + | |
| + | ==Customize kernel== | ||
If you'd like to customize the kernel for your hardware, read this article for details. | If you'd like to customize the kernel for your hardware, read this article for details. | ||
Revision as of 17:08, 31 March 2014
Sumber: http://www.android-x86.org/getsourcecode
Informasi ini semoga dapat memberikan informasi terkini tentang bagaimana cara membuat Android untuk x86 seperti EeePC.
Image yang dihasilkan berjalan dengan baik di hardware sebenarnya maupun di mesin virtual (qemu atau virtual box)
Sangat mudah sekali untuk mengcompile Android untuk platform x86 dari repository git android-x86. Kita tidak perlu melakukan patch. Hanya perlu mengikuti instruksi di bawah ini.
Cabang di Android-x86 tree
Karena AOSP berkembang sangat cepat, ada beberapa cabang yang dibuat tergantung release AOSP.
- kitkat-x86 - Based Android 4.4 release (KitKat).
- jb-x86 - Based Android 4.3 release (Jelly Bean).
- ics-x86 - Based Android 4.0 release (Ice Cream Sandwich).
- honeycomb-x86 - Based Android 3.2 release (Honeycomb).
- gingerbread-x86 - Based Android 2.3 release (Gingerbread).
- froyo-x86 - Based Android 2.2 release (Froyo).
- eclair-x86 - Based Android 2.1 release (Eclair).
- donut-x86 - Based Android 1.6 release (Donut).
- android-x86-v0.9 (obsolete) - Based on Android 1.5 release (Cupcake).
Memperoleh source code Android-x86
Inisialisasi sistem operasi agar siap untuk mengcompile android sesuai dengan
http://source.android.com/source/initializing.html
Antara lain kita perlu
sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jdk
$ sudo apt-get install git gnupg flex bison gperf build-essential \ zip curl libc6-dev libncurses5-dev:i386 x11proto-core-dev \ libx11-dev:i386 libreadline6-dev:i386 libgl1-mesa-glx:i386 \ libgl1-mesa-dev g++-multilib mingw32 tofrodos \ python-markdown libxml2-utils xsltproc zlib1g-dev:i386 $ sudo ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1 /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libGL.so
Setelah lingkungan di siapkan, kita dapat melakukan
mkdir android-x86 cd android-x86 repo init -u http://git.android-x86.org/manifest -b $branch repo sync
Dimana $branch adalah nama cabang seperti di jelaskan di bagian sebelumnya, misalnya,
mkdir android-x86 cd android-x86 repo init -u http://git.android-x86.org/manifest -b kitkat-x86 repo sync
Proses ini akan menunjuk project yang dibuat atau di modifikasi oleh android-x86 ke git server dari android-x86. Sementara project lainnya tetap ke AOSP.
Android-x86 juga memiliki git mirror server di SourceForge.net. Untuk menggunakannya kita perlu mengubah perintah repo init menjadi
$ repo init -u git://android-x86.git.sf.net/gitroot/android-x86/x86/platform/manifest.git -b $branch
Note: the SourceForge manifest points all projects to the SourceForge.net mirror. (no matter modified by android-x86 or not).
You can also find some more info about sync from SourceForge in
If you hope to keep syncing your tree with Android-x86 repository, just do repo sync. No need to do repo init again. However, sometimes you may see conflicts during repo sync. See the below section for how to solve this situation.
Note: The Android-x86 repository is very big (about > 10GB). If you encounter problems of sync it, it's likely a network problem or our server is too busy. Repeatedly run 'repo sync' until it succeeds without any error. Do not bother us with any of the syncing problem. For users from US or Europe, we suggest to use the SourceForge mirror. Building the image
Once the repo sync is complete, you can build either a usb image or a cdrom iso image. Note the original AOSP only support java 1.5 before Froyo, but we have patched the build system to support java 1.6. So you can use either java 1.5 or 1.6 to compile the code.
Note: Before froyo-x86 (included), you can build on either a 32-bit or 64-bit host. Since gingerbread-x86, a 64-bit build environment is recommended. Choose a target You need to choose a target for the x86 device you want to use/test. We provides several targets for different branches:
donut-x86
eeepc: for ASUS EeePC family
q1u: for Samsung Q1U
s5: for Viliv S5
eclair-x86
generic_x86: for generic x86 PC/notebook
eeepc: for ASUS EeePC family only
q1u: for Samsung Q1U
s5: for Viliv S5
froyo-x86 / gingerbread-x86
generic_x86: for generic x86 PC/notebook
eeepc: for ASUS EeePC family only
asus_laptop: for some ASUS laptops
tegav2: for Tegatech Tegav2 (may work with other Atom N45x based tablets)
sparta: for Dell Inspiron Mini Duo platform
vm: for virtual machine (virtual box, qemu, vmware)
motion_m1400: for Motion M1400 (Intel Centrino M based with Intel PRO/Wireless)
honeycomb-x86 / ics-x86
generic_x86: for generic x86 PC/notebook
amd_brazos: for AMD Brazos platform
eeepc: for ASUS EeePC family only
asus_laptop: for some ASUS laptops
tegav2: for Tegatech Tegav2 (may work with other Atom N45x based tablets)
jb-x86 / kitkat-x86
android_x86: for x86 platform
Actually, for historical reason, you have to use eeepc for a generic x86 PC, notebook or netbook before (includes) donut-x86 branch. Since eclair-x86 branch, eeepc is changed to serve ASUS EeePC family only. Do not use it if you are not using an EeePC.
In short, if you don't know how to choose, use eeepc for donut-x86 branch, and use generic_x86 for eclair-x86 to ics-x86 branches. But note generic_x86 is just a base for other targets. It doesn't have some advanced features like hardware acceleration.
Since jb-x86 we tried to use android_x86 as a universal target for all x86 devices. However, it may not optimized for a particular target device. If you are a developer, you can create a target based on android_x86 for your device.
If you want to add new target for your x86 device, refer to the article.
Building directly
To build a live cdrom iso image for target android_x86, type:
$ make iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=android_x86
To generate a live cdrom iso for tegav2, type
$ make iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=tegav2
Then you will get an iso file out/target/product/x86/android_x86.iso, etc.
If the computer you build on has more then one processor or core, you can take advantage of multiprocessing (or make jobs) by adding -jX to the beginning of your make command:
$ make -jX iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=android_x86
Replace X by the number of processors you have. For example, if you have a quad core CPU, replace X with 4:
$ make -j4 iso_img TARGET_PRODUCT=android_x86
Using buildspec.mk
You can create a buildspec.mk in your android-x86 directory to remember a particular target product you build often:
TARGET_PRODUCT:=android_x86 TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT:=userdebug TARGET_BUILD_TYPE:=release TARGET_KERNEL_CONFIG:=android-x86_defconfig
With your buildspec.mk file in your android-x86 directory, you can just make by
$ make -jX iso_img
Using lunch command
You can source the file build/envsetup.sh into your bash environment to get some shell functions to help the building:
$ . build/envsetup.sh
Now you can select a target by lunch command:
$ lunch $TARGET_PRODUCT-$TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT
where $TARGET_PRODUCT is any target described in the previous section, and possible values of $TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT are eng, user, userdebug. For example,
$ lunch android_x86-eng
Then you can build by m command:
$ m -jX iso_img
m command is equivalent to make, but you can use it in any subdirectory of the android-x86 tree.
Since froyo-x86, we also add menu selection to lunch command. Just type lunch, and you will get a list of available targets. Choose a target by inputting its number. Alternatively, just type lunch $number.
Build smaller image
If you have squashfs-tools 4.0 (older version will not work) installed in your host, the generated Android core filesystem will be compressed by squashfs. So the iso file is very small (only about 30-40%). If you hope to disable it, add USE_SQUASHFS=0 to make. You can put it to buildspec.mk:
USE_SQUASHFS := 0
Before froyo-x86 (included), If you hope to get a more smaller image, you may remove the debugging symbols by adding
TARGET_STRIP := 1
Since gingerbread-x86, the debugging symbols are stripped by default. Do not use this option anymore.
Testing
The generated image is located at out/target/product/$TARGET_PRODUCT/$TARGET_PRODUCT.iso
You can easily test the iso file by a virtual box or qemu. On the booting screen, select the VESA or debug mode to boot.
Of course you can burn the iso to a CD disk and test it on a real hardware. On booting it will automatically detect your hardware and load necessary modules. If you have problem with the default frame buffer driver, you may try the VESA mode (select second item on boot screen).
Since honeycomb-x86, we supports the hybrid iso format. That is, the iso could be dumped to a usb disk directly. You may create a bootable USB disk by
$ dd if=out/target/product/x86/android_x86.iso of=/dev/sdX
where /dev/sdX is the device name of your USB disk. This feature is only available for iso files released after 2011/12/25. Note usb_img is deprecated. Do not use it anymore.
Some broken BIOS (e.g., Acer AO) is unable to boot a USB disk created in this way. If so, you may try to create bootable USB drive from the iso file by unetbootin. For both linux and windows user, here are the steps (suggested by Gregory Gee ) :
1. Download the ISO image of android-x86. 2. Download UNetbootin from http://unetbootin.sourceforge.net/ 3. Make sure you USB key is formatted. UNetbootin silently fails to work if not formated. I formatted my USB key fat32. 4. Run UNetbootin Select your USB key as the Drive. Select the android-x86 ISO file as the disk image. Click ok and wait.
It should take a minute to do. If it only took UNetbootin a few seconds to copy to USB, like my first attempt, then it didn't work. So remember on future upgrades to reformat your USB key before each android install. So now you should be able to boot from the USB key. Well, at least it worked for me. The UNetbootin is an interesting tool too.
Another choice is the Linux Live USB Creator ( LiLi ) project, which officially support Android-x86.
Advanced
This section describes some useful information for advanced users. You may need good linux expertise to complete it. Install to USB disk
For advanced linux users, you may create a bootable USB disk by hand. Here are the steps:
Install grub to your USB disk
find a linux machine with the latest grub installed
partition your USB drive with fdisk or gpartd and mark the partition as bootable
format that partition to ext3 (recommended) or vfat.
mount your usb drive to /mnt
cd /mnt
grub-install --root-directory=. --no-floppy /dev/<your usb device node name>
cd /boot/grub
create your menu.lst based on the next section
Add this section to menu.lst
title Run Android kernel /android/kernel root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=android_x86 acpi_sleep=s3_bios,s3_mode SRC=/android initrd /android/initrd.img
title Run Android (VESA mode) kernel /android/kernel root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=android_x86 acpi_sleep=s3_bios,s3_mode vga=788 SRC=/android initrd /android/initrd.img
title Run Android (Debug mode) kernel /android/kernel root=/dev/ram0 androidboot.hardware=android_x86 acpi_sleep=s3_bios,s3_mode vga=788 SRC=/android DEBUG=1 initrd /android/initrd.img
Create /android directory in the USB disk, and copy the four files kernel initrd.img ramdisk.img system.sfs (or system.img if you set USE_SQUASHFS=0) to it.
Then you can boot from the USB disk and enjoy Android. Note all data are saved to the ramdisk, so all will lose after power off. If you hope to save data to disk, see the next section. Install to hard disk
Install to a hard disk is just the same as install to a USB disk. Even you do not need to create a new partition. Just copy android files into an existing partition, install grub to the hard disk (if not done yet), and modify the menu.lst.
People still ask, what if my hard disk is empty? How to install grub and copy files into it? There are several ways to do it. I provide two here:
Boot from any rescue cd like systemrescuecd, and follow the instructions in the previous section. Install your favorite linux distribution, then copy android files and modify the grub menu.
Save data to USB/hard disk
We support two ways to save data to your disk.
Create a subdirectory named data in your /android directory. The user data will be directly saved to that directory. This method only works for ext3 partition.
Create a separate partition and save data to it. You have to add DATA=<device_name> to the boot option. For example, suppose your data partition is /dev/sda2, then add DATA=sda2 to the boot option.
How to solve conflicts
There are several reason to have conflicts during repo sync, say
You modify your tree locally. The upstream changed. Since we usually keep syncing with original Android repository, sometimes we have to rebase with it. That changes the history and may cause conflicts.
In this section we assume you have conflicts due to the upstream changed. That is, you don't have local modifications. If you do, you have to solve conflicts yourself. If you follow the procedures in this section, you may lose your local modifications.
Here is an example of a conflict in the manifest:
$ repo sync remote: Counting objects: 71, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (41/41), done. remote: Total 65 (delta 25), reused 28 (delta 9) Unpacking objects: 100% (65/65), done. From git://git.tarot.com.tw/android-x86/platform/manifest d53e6c1..2de7a11 android-1.5r2 -> origin/android-1.5r2 * [new branch] android-1.5r3 -> origin/android-1.5r3 * [new branch] android-sdk-1.5_r3 -> origin/android-sdk-1.5_r3 d53e6c1..c544020 cupcake -> origin/cupcake * [new branch] cupcake-release -> origin/cupcake-release f4d79b1..6f7e0dd donut -> origin/donut + 7308d31...4a4f936 lan -> origin/lan (forced update) + b480a6d...d82496e local -> origin/local (forced update) + 11c9d96...84345fb master -> origin/master (forced update) + 5bcbf93...66e92cc mirror -> origin/mirror (forced update) + 9f3092f...665f9e8 ssh -> origin/ssh (forced update) + c6037be...d70927f ssh-mirror -> origin/ssh-mirror (forced update) + 00a823f...3ddaf66 test -> origin/test (forced update) * [new tag] android-1.5r3 -> android-1.5r3 * [new tag] android-sdk-1.5_r3 -> android-sdk-1.5_r3 Fetching projects: 100% (128/128), done. project .repo/manifests/ First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it... Applying: merge donut, change or add the projects to x86 port error: patch failed: default.xml:3 error: default.xml: patch does not apply Using index info to reconstruct a base tree... Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge... Auto-merging default.xml CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in default.xml Failed to merge in the changes. Patch failed at 0001 merge donut, change or add the projects to x86 port
When you have resolved this problem run "git rebase --continue". If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run "git rebase --skip". To restore the original branch and stop rebasing run "git rebase --abort".
repo sync stopped on conflicts. Since we don't have local modifications, just ignore it by git rebase --skip:
$ cd .repo/manifests $ git rebase --skip HEAD is now at 4a4f936 add branch for local lan Applying: add platform/frameworks/policies/base to x86 error: patch failed: default.xml:18 error: default.xml: patch does not apply Using index info to reconstruct a base tree... Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge... Auto-merging default.xml No changes -- Patch already applied. Applying: add branch for local lan error: patch failed: default.xml:1 error: default.xml: patch does not apply Using index info to reconstruct a base tree... Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge... Auto-merging default.xml No changes -- Patch already applied.
If it complains about another conflict, do git rebase --skip again, until the rebase procedure completes. Usually it is enough, but if you hope to be absolute clean, you can ignore this branch and checkout a new one:
$ git checkout -t kitkat-x86 m/kitkat-x86
This may not be the best approach to solve conflicts, but should be easy enough for beginners. If you have better suggestions, just tell us.
Customize kernel
If you'd like to customize the kernel for your hardware, read this article for details.