Difference between revisions of "OS: Build in Monitoring Tool"

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Sumber: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html
 
Sumber: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html
  
−
Apakah anda butuh melihat performance server Linux?  
+
Apakah anda butuh melihat performance Linux?  
 
coba gunakan built-in command dan beberapa tool tambahan berikut.  
 
coba gunakan built-in command dan beberapa tool tambahan berikut.  
 
Kebanyakan distribusi linux di persenjatai oleh banyak sekali tool untuk
 
Kebanyakan distribusi linux di persenjatai oleh banyak sekali tool untuk
Line 63: Line 63:
 
Untuk informasi rinci tentang penggunaan ps, lihat halaman manual: man ps.
 
Untuk informasi rinci tentang penggunaan ps, lihat halaman manual: man ps.
  
−
==vmstat==
 
−
 
−
vmstat (Statistik Virtual Memory) mengeluarkan laporan seketika tentang proses dalam sistem, memori, paging, block I/O, interupsi dan aktivitas CPU.
 
−
 
−
Meskipun tidak dinamis seperti top, kita dapat menentukan interval sampling, yang memungkinkan kita mengamati aktivitas sistem mendekati real time.
 
−
 
−
Untuk informasi rinci tentang penggunaan vmstat, lihat halaman manual: vmstat man.
 
−
 
−
==sar==
 
−
 
−
sar (Sistem Reporter Activity) mengumpulkan dan melaporkan informasi tentang aktivitas sistem saat ini . Output standar meliputi utilisasi CPU hari ini dengan interval sepuluh menit dari awal hari:
 
−
 
−
12:00:01 AM    CPU    %user    %nice  %system  %iowait    %steal    %idle
 
−
12:10:01 AM    all      0.10      0.00      0.15      2.96      0.00    96.79
 
−
12:20:01 AM    all      0.09      0.00      0.13      3.16      0.00    96.61
 
−
12:30:01 AM    all      0.09      0.00      0.14      2.11      0.00    97.66
 
−
...
 
−
 
−
Alat ini merupakan alternatif yang berguna untuk mencoba untuk membuat laporan berkala tentang aktivitas sistem dari top.
 
−
 
−
Untuk informasi rinci tentang penggunaan sar, lihat halaman manual: man sar.
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
=> Related: How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization?
 
−
 
−
#2: vmstat - System Activity, Hardware and System Information
 
−
 
−
The command vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu activity.
 
−
# vmstat 3
 
−
Sample Outputs:
 
−
 
−
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------
 
−
r  b  swpd  free  buff  cache  si  so    bi    bo  in  cs us sy id wa st
 
−
0  0      0 2540988 522188 5130400    0    0    2    32    4    2  4  1 96  0  0
 
−
1  0      0 2540988 522188 5130400    0    0    0  720 1199  665  1  0 99  0  0
 
−
0  0      0 2540956 522188 5130400    0    0    0    0 1151 1569  4  1 95  0  0
 
−
0  0      0 2540956 522188 5130500    0    0    0    6 1117  439  1  0 99  0  0
 
−
0  0      0 2540940 522188 5130512    0    0    0  536 1189  932  1  0 98  0  0
 
−
0  0      0 2538444 522188 5130588    0    0    0    0 1187 1417  4  1 96  0  0
 
−
0  0      0 2490060 522188 5130640    0    0    0    18 1253 1123  5  1 94  0  0
 
−
 
−
Display Memory Utilization Slabinfo
 
−
 
−
# vmstat -m
 
−
Get Information About Active / Inactive Memory Pages
 
−
 
−
# vmstat -a
 
−
=> Related: How do I find out Linux Resource utilization to detect system bottlenecks?
 
−
 
−
#3: w - Find Out Who Is Logged on And What They Are Doing
 
−
 
−
w command displays information about the users currently on the machine, and their processes.
 
−
# w username
 
−
# w vivek
 
−
Sample Outputs:
 
−
 
−
17:58:47 up 5 days, 20:28,  2 users,  load average: 0.36, 0.26, 0.24
 
−
USER    TTY      FROM              LOGIN@  IDLE  JCPU  PCPU WHAT
 
−
root    pts/0    10.1.3.145      14:55    5.00s  0.04s  0.02s vim /etc/resolv.conf
 
−
root    pts/1    10.1.3.145      17:43    0.00s  0.03s  0.00s w
 
−
 
−
#4: uptime - Tell How Long The System Has Been Running
 
  
−
The uptime command can be used to see how long the server has been running. The current time, how long the system has been running, how many users are currently logged on, and the system load averages for the past 1, 5, and 15 minutes.
 
−
# uptime
 
−
Output:
 
−
 
−
18:02:41 up 41 days, 23:42,  1 user,  load average: 0.00, 0.00, 0.00
 
−
 
−
1 can be considered as optimal load value. The load can change from system to system. For a single CPU system 1 - 3 and SMP systems 6-10 load value might be acceptable.
 
  
 
#5: ps - Displays The Processes
 
#5: ps - Displays The Processes
Line 224: Line 147:
  
 
# ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -10
 
# ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -10
 +
 +
 +
 +
==vmstat==
 +
 +
vmstat (Statistik Virtual Memory) mengeluarkan laporan seketika tentang proses dalam sistem, memori, paging, block I/O, interupsi dan aktivitas CPU.
 +
 +
Meskipun tidak dinamis seperti top, kita dapat menentukan interval sampling, yang memungkinkan kita mengamati aktivitas sistem mendekati real time.
 +
 +
Untuk informasi rinci tentang penggunaan vmstat, lihat halaman manual: vmstat man.
 +
 +
==sar==
 +
 +
sar (Sistem Reporter Activity) mengumpulkan dan melaporkan informasi tentang aktivitas sistem saat ini . Output standar meliputi utilisasi CPU hari ini dengan interval sepuluh menit dari awal hari:
 +
 +
12:00:01 AM    CPU    %user    %nice  %system  %iowait    %steal    %idle
 +
12:10:01 AM    all      0.10      0.00      0.15      2.96      0.00    96.79
 +
12:20:01 AM    all      0.09      0.00      0.13      3.16      0.00    96.61
 +
12:30:01 AM    all      0.09      0.00      0.14      2.11      0.00    97.66
 +
...
 +
 +
Alat ini merupakan alternatif yang berguna untuk mencoba untuk membuat laporan berkala tentang aktivitas sistem dari top.
 +
 +
Untuk informasi rinci tentang penggunaan sar, lihat halaman manual: man sar.
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
 +
=> Related: How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization?
 +
 +
#2: vmstat - System Activity, Hardware and System Information
 +
 +
The command vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu activity.
 +
# vmstat 3
 +
Sample Outputs:
 +
 +
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------
 +
r  b  swpd  free  buff  cache  si  so    bi    bo  in  cs us sy id wa st
 +
0  0      0 2540988 522188 5130400    0    0    2    32    4    2  4  1 96  0  0
 +
1  0      0 2540988 522188 5130400    0    0    0  720 1199  665  1  0 99  0  0
 +
0  0      0 2540956 522188 5130400    0    0    0    0 1151 1569  4  1 95  0  0
 +
0  0      0 2540956 522188 5130500    0    0    0    6 1117  439  1  0 99  0  0
 +
0  0      0 2540940 522188 5130512    0    0    0  536 1189  932  1  0 98  0  0
 +
0  0      0 2538444 522188 5130588    0    0    0    0 1187 1417  4  1 96  0  0
 +
0  0      0 2490060 522188 5130640    0    0    0    18 1253 1123  5  1 94  0  0
 +
 +
Display Memory Utilization Slabinfo
 +
 +
# vmstat -m
 +
Get Information About Active / Inactive Memory Pages
 +
 +
# vmstat -a
 +
=> Related: How do I find out Linux Resource utilization to detect system bottlenecks?
 +
 +
#3: w - Find Out Who Is Logged on And What They Are Doing
 +
 +
w command displays information about the users currently on the machine, and their processes.
 +
# w username
 +
# w vivek
 +
Sample Outputs:
 +
 +
17:58:47 up 5 days, 20:28,  2 users,  load average: 0.36, 0.26, 0.24
 +
USER    TTY      FROM              LOGIN@  IDLE  JCPU  PCPU WHAT
 +
root    pts/0    10.1.3.145      14:55    5.00s  0.04s  0.02s vim /etc/resolv.conf
 +
root    pts/1    10.1.3.145      17:43    0.00s  0.03s  0.00s w
 +
 +
==uptime==
 +
 +
Perintah uptime dapat digunakan untuk melihat berapa lama sistem telah berjalan, waktu sekarang di komputer, berapa user yang sedang log on, beban sistem 1, 5 dan 15 menit terakhir.
 +
 +
uptime
 +
 +
hasilnya kurang lebih
 +
 +
08:47:21 up 14:27,  3 users,  load average: 1.16, 1.09, 1.07
 +
 +
Load akan berubah dari satu sistem ke sistem lain. Untuk sistem dengan 1 CPU maka load 1-3 cukup optimal. Untuk sebuah sistem SMP maka load 6-10 masih dapat di terima.
 +
 +
 +
 +
  
 
#6: free - Memory Usage
 
#6: free - Memory Usage
Line 350: Line 360:
 
#13: iptraf - Real-time Network Statistics
 
#13: iptraf - Real-time Network Statistics
  
−
The iptraf command is interactive colorful IP LAN monitor. It is an ncurses-based IP LAN monitor that generates various network statistics including TCP info, UDP counts, ICMP and OSPF information, Ethernet load info, node stats, IP checksum errors, and others. It can provide the following info in easy to read format:
+
The iptraf command is interactive colorful IP LAN monitor. It is an ncurses-based IP LAN monitor that generates various network statistics including TCP info, UDP counts, ICMP and OSPF information, Ethernet load info, node stats, IP checks
−
 
 
−
    Network traffic statistics by TCP connection
 
−
    IP traffic statistics by network interface
 
−
    Network traffic statistics by protocol
 
−
    Network traffic statistics by TCP/UDP port and by packet size
 
−
    Network traffic statistics by Layer2 address
 
−
 
 
−
Fig.02: General interface statistics: IP traffic statistics by network interface
 
−
 
 
−
Fig.02: General interface statistics: IP traffic statistics by network interface
 
−
Fig.03 Network traffic statistics by TCP connection
 
−
 
 
−
Fig.03 Network traffic statistics by TCP connection
 
−
 
 
−
#14: tcpdump - Detailed Network Traffic Analysis
 
−
 
 
−
The tcpdump is simple command that dump traffic on a network. However, you need good understanding of TCP/IP protocol to utilize this tool. For.e.g to display traffic info about DNS, enter:
 
−
# tcpdump -i eth1 'udp port 53'
 
−
To display all IPv4 HTTP packets to and from port 80, i.e. print only packets that contain data, not, for example, SYN and FIN packets and ACK-only packets, enter:
 
−
# tcpdump 'tcp port 80 and (((ip[2:2] - ((ip[0]&0xf)<<2)) - ((tcp[12]&0xf0)>>2)) != 0)'
 
−
To display all FTP session to 202.54.1.5, enter:
 
−
# tcpdump -i eth1 'dst 202.54.1.5 and (port 21 or 20'
 
−
To display all HTTP session to 192.168.1.5:
 
−
# tcpdump -ni eth0 'dst 192.168.1.5 and tcp and port http'
 
−
Use wireshark to view detailed information about files, enter:
 
−
# tcpdump -n -i eth1 -s 0 -w output.txt src or dst port 80
 
−
 
 
−
#15: strace - System Calls
 
−
 
 
−
Trace system calls and signals. This is useful for debugging webserver and other server problems. See how to use to trace the process and see What it is doing.
 
−
 
 
−
#16: /Proc file system - Various Kernel Statistics
 
−
 
 
−
/proc file system provides detailed information about various hardware devices and other Linux kernel information. See Linux kernel /proc documentations for further details. Common /proc examples:
 
−
# cat /proc/cpuinfo
 
−
# cat /proc/meminfo
 
−
# cat /proc/zoneinfo
 
−
# cat /proc/mounts
 
−
 
 
−
17#: Nagios - Server And Network Monitoring
 
−
 
 
−
Nagios is a popular open source computer system and network monitoring application software. You can easily monitor all your hosts, network equipment and services. It can send alert when things go wrong and again when they get better. FAN is "Fully Automated Nagios". FAN goals are to provide a Nagios installation including most tools provided by the Nagios Community. FAN provides a CDRom image in the standard ISO format, making it easy to easilly install a Nagios server. Added to this, a wide bunch of tools are including to the distribution, in order to improve the user experience around Nagios.
 
−
 
 
−
18#: Cacti - Web-based Monitoring Tool
 
−
 
 
−
Cacti is a complete network graphing solution designed to harness the power of RRDTool's data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the box. All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex networks with hundreds of devices. It can provide data about network, CPU, memory, logged in users, Apache, DNS servers and much more. See how to install and configure Cacti network graphing tool under CentOS / RHEL.
 
−
 
 
−
#19: KDE System Guard - Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing
 
−
 
 
−
KSysguard is a network enabled task and system monitor application for KDE desktop. This tool can be run over ssh session. It provides lots of features such as a client/server architecture that enables monitoring of local and remote hosts. The graphical front end uses so-called sensors to retrieve the information it displays. A sensor can return simple values or more complex information like tables. For each type of information, one or more displays are provided. Displays are organized in worksheets that can be saved and loaded independently from each other. So, KSysguard is not only a simple task manager but also a very powerful tool to control large server farms.
 
−
Fig.05 KDE System Guard
 
−
 
 
−
Fig.05 KDE System Guard {Image credit: Wikipedia}
 
−
 
 
−
See the KSysguard handbook for detailed usage.
 
−
 
 
−
#20: Gnome System Monitor - Real-time Systems Reporting and Graphing
 
−
 
 
−
The System Monitor application enables you to display basic system information and monitor system processes, usage of system resources, and file systems. You can also use System Monitor to modify the behavior of your system. Although not as powerful as the KDE System Guard, it provides the basic information which may be useful for new users:
 
−
 
 
−
    Displays various basic information about the computer's hardware and software.
 
−
    Linux Kernel version
 
−
    GNOME version
 
−
    Hardware
 
−
    Installed memory
 
−
    Processors and speeds
 
−
    System Status
 
−
    Currently available disk space
 
−
    Processes
 
−
    Memory and swap space
 
−
    Network usage
 
−
    File Systems
 
−
    Lists all mounted filesystems along with basic information about each.
 
−
 
 
−
Fig.06 The Gnome System Monitor application
 
−
 
 
−
Fig.06 The Gnome System Monitor application
 
−
Bonus: Additional Tools
 
−
 
 
−
A few more tools:
 
−
 
 
−
    nmap - scan your server for open ports.
 
−
    lsof - list open files, network connections and much more.
 
−
    ntop web based tool - ntop is the best tool to see network usage in a way similar to what top command does for processes i.e. it is network traffic monitoring software. You can see network status, protocol wise distribution of traffic for UDP, TCP, DNS, HTTP and other protocols.
 
−
    Conky - Another good monitoring tool for the X Window System. It is highly configurable and is able to monitor many system variables including the status of the CPU, memory, swap space, disk storage, temperatures, processes, network interfaces, battery power, system messages, e-mail inboxes etc.
 
−
    GKrellM - It can be used to monitor the status of CPUs, main memory, hard disks, network interfaces, local and remote mailboxes, and many other things.
 
−
    vnstat - vnStat is a console-based network traffic monitor. It keeps a log of hourly, daily and monthly network traffic for the selected interface(s).
 
−
    htop - htop is an enhanced version of top, the interactive process viewer, which can display the list of processes in a tree form.
 
−
    mtr - mtr combines the functionality of the traceroute and ping programs in a single network diagnostic tool.
 
−
 
 
−
Did I miss something? Please add your favorite system motoring tool in the comments.
 
−
 
 
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−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==Referensi==
 
−
 
 
−
* https://access.redhat.com/knowledge/docs/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Performance_Tuning_Guide/s-analyzeperf-cli-tools.html
 
−
* http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html
 
−
* http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
==Pranala Menarik==
 
−
 
 
−
* [[Linux]]
 
−
* [[Ubuntu]]
 
−
* [[Sistem Operasi]]
 
−
* [[Kernel]]
 
−
* [[Compile Kernel]]
 
−
* [[Compile Kernel: Konfigurasi Kernel]]
 
−
* [[Kernel: Anatomi Kernel Source]]
 
−
* [[OS: Linux Kernel]]
 
−
* [[OS: Parameter Kernel Default]]
 
−
* [[OS: Kernel Scheduler]]
 
−
* [[OS: Complete Teori Tuning Kernel Scheduler]]
 
−
* [[OS: Complete Teori Tuning I/O Performance]]
 
−
* [[OS: Tuning Kernel Scheduler]]
 
−
* [[OS: Tuning Completely Fair Queueing CFQ I/O scheduler]]
 
−
* [[OS: Tuning Completely Fair scheduler CFS]]
 
−
* [[OS: Build in Monitoring Tool]]
 
−
* [[Linux Benchmarking]]
 
−
* [[OS: Benchmarking menggunakan UnixBench]]
 
−
* [[OS: Benchmarking menggunakan LLCBench]]
 
−
* [[OS: Mengerti System Call]]
 
−
* [[OS: Membuat Kernel Modul]]
 

Revision as of 08:46, 23 March 2013

Sumber: http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/top-linux-monitoring-tools.html

Apakah anda butuh melihat performance Linux? coba gunakan built-in command dan beberapa tool tambahan berikut. Kebanyakan distribusi linux di persenjatai oleh banyak sekali tool untuk melakukan monitoring. Tool ini memberikan informasi tentang aktifitas sistem. Kita dapat menggunakan tool ini untuk melihat masalah dalam performance sistem.

Perintah di bawah ini akan dapat membantu analisa sistem dan debugging server seperti:

  • Menemukan bottlenecks.
  • Disk (storage) bottlenecks.
  • CPU dan memory bottlenecks.
  • Network bottlenecks.


top

top menyediakan, dinamis real-time dari proses dalam sistem berjalan. Hal ini dapat menampilkan berbagai informasi, termasuk ringkasan kondisi sistem dan task yang saat ini sedang dikelola oleh kernel Linux. top akan mengupdate secara automatis setiap detik. Secara default, top akan menampilkan task yang paling memakan CPU.

Top juga memiliki kemampuan terbatas untuk memanipulasi proses. Kedua operasi dan informasi yang ditampilkan dapat dikonfigurasi, dan setiap detail konfigurasi dapat dibuat untuk bertahan saat restart.

Secara default, proses yang ditunjukkan diurutkan berdasarkan persentase penggunaan CPU, memberikan pandangan yang mudah ke dalam proses yang paling mengkonsumsi sumber daya. 

top - 08:39:14 up 14:18,  3 users,  load average: 1.09, 1.04, 1.08
Tasks: 190 total,   2 running, 188 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie
Cpu(s): 52.7%us,  3.1%sy,  0.0%ni, 44.2%id,  0.0%wa,  0.0%hi,  0.0%si,  0.0%st
Mem:   2011972k total,  1631164k used,   380808k free,    53628k buffers
Swap:   779148k total,   161836k used,   617312k free,   337676k cached

  PID USER      PR  NI  VIRT  RES  SHR S %CPU %MEM    TIME+  COMMAND                                     
 3068 onno      20   0 1384m 495m  19m R   98 25.2 316:17.21 firefox                                     
 1267 root      20   0  170m  19m 4952 S    7  1.0  10:25.66 Xorg                                        
 2235 onno      20   0 1390m  63m 9088 S    5  3.3   5:03.61 compiz                                      
 2896 onno      20   0  513m  13m 6052 S    2  0.7   0:23.35 gnome-terminal                              
13162 root      20   0 17432 1364  952 R    0  0.1   0:00.07 top                                         
    1 root      20   0 24584 2008 1028 S    0  0.1   0:00.88 init                                        
    2 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 kthreadd                                    
    3 root      20   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:04.95 ksoftirqd/0                                 
    6 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.00 migration/0                                 
    7 root      RT   0     0    0    0 S    0  0.0   0:00.24 watchdog/0

Hot key top yang sering digunakan 

t	Tampilkan informasi rangkuman off dan on.
m	Tampilkan informasi memory off dan on.
A	Urutkan tampilan berdasarkan konsumen sumber daya sistem yang paling besar.
f	Masuk ke layar konfigurasi interaktif pada top.
o	Enable agar kita dapat memilih secara interaktif dalam top.
r	Lakukan perintah renice.
k	Lakukan perintah kill.
z	Turn on or off color/mono


ps

ps mengambil snapshot dari kelompok proses terpilih yang aktif. Secara default kelompok ini terbatas pada proses yang dimiliki oleh pengguna saat ini dan terkait dengan terminal yang sama.

Hal ini dapat memberikan informasi lebih rinci tentang proses yang terjadi daripada top, tapi tidak dinamis.

Untuk informasi rinci tentang penggunaan ps, lihat halaman manual: man ps.


  1. 5: ps - Displays The Processes

ps command will report a snapshot of the current processes. To select all processes use the -A or -e option:

  1. ps -A

Sample Outputs: 

 PID TTY          TIME CMD
   1 ?        00:00:02 init
   2 ?        00:00:02 migration/0
   3 ?        00:00:01 ksoftirqd/0
   4 ?        00:00:00 watchdog/0
   5 ?        00:00:00 migration/1
   6 ?        00:00:15 ksoftirqd/1

.... ..... 

4881 ?        00:53:28 java
4885 tty1     00:00:00 mingetty
4886 tty2     00:00:00 mingetty
4887 tty3     00:00:00 mingetty
4888 tty4     00:00:00 mingetty
4891 tty5     00:00:00 mingetty
4892 tty6     00:00:00 mingetty
4893 ttyS1    00:00:00 agetty

12853 ? 00:00:00 cifsoplockd 12854 ? 00:00:00 cifsdnotifyd 14231 ? 00:10:34 lighttpd 14232 ? 00:00:00 php-cgi 54981 pts/0 00:00:00 vim 55465 ? 00:00:00 php-cgi 55546 ? 00:00:00 bind9-snmp-stat 55704 pts/1 00:00:00 ps

ps is just like top but provides more information. Show Long Format Output

  1. ps -Al

To turn on extra full mode (it will show command line arguments passed to process):

  1. ps -AlF

To See Threads ( LWP and NLWP)

  1. ps -AlFH

To See Threads After Processes

  1. ps -AlLm

Print All Process On The Server

  1. ps ax
  2. ps axu

Print A Process Tree

  1. ps -ejH
  2. ps axjf
  3. pstree

Print Security Information

  1. ps -eo euser,ruser,suser,fuser,f,comm,label
  2. ps axZ
  3. ps -eM

See Every Process Running As User Vivek

  1. ps -U vivek -u vivek u

Set Output In a User-Defined Format

  1. ps -eo pid,tid,class,rtprio,ni,pri,psr,pcpu,stat,wchan:14,comm
  2. ps axo stat,euid,ruid,tty,tpgid,sess,pgrp,ppid,pid,pcpu,comm
  3. ps -eopid,tt,user,fname,tmout,f,wchan

Display Only The Process IDs of Lighttpd

  1. ps -C lighttpd -o pid=

OR

  1. pgrep lighttpd

OR

  1. pgrep -u vivek php-cgi

Display The Name of PID 55977

  1. ps -p 55977 -o comm=

Find Out The Top 10 Memory Consuming Process

  1. ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 4 | head -10

Find Out top 10 CPU Consuming Process

  1. ps -auxf | sort -nr -k 3 | head -10


vmstat

vmstat (Statistik Virtual Memory) mengeluarkan laporan seketika tentang proses dalam sistem, memori, paging, block I/O, interupsi dan aktivitas CPU.

Meskipun tidak dinamis seperti top, kita dapat menentukan interval sampling, yang memungkinkan kita mengamati aktivitas sistem mendekati real time.

Untuk informasi rinci tentang penggunaan vmstat, lihat halaman manual: vmstat man.

sar

sar (Sistem Reporter Activity) mengumpulkan dan melaporkan informasi tentang aktivitas sistem saat ini . Output standar meliputi utilisasi CPU hari ini dengan interval sepuluh menit dari awal hari: 

12:00:01 AM     CPU     %user     %nice   %system   %iowait    %steal     %idle
12:10:01 AM     all      0.10      0.00      0.15      2.96      0.00     96.79
12:20:01 AM     all      0.09      0.00      0.13      3.16      0.00     96.61
12:30:01 AM     all      0.09      0.00      0.14      2.11      0.00     97.66
...

Alat ini merupakan alternatif yang berguna untuk mencoba untuk membuat laporan berkala tentang aktivitas sistem dari top.

Untuk informasi rinci tentang penggunaan sar, lihat halaman manual: man sar.






=> Related: How do I Find Out Linux CPU Utilization?

  1. 2: vmstat - System Activity, Hardware and System Information

The command vmstat reports information about processes, memory, paging, block IO, traps, and cpu activity.

  1. vmstat 3

Sample Outputs:

procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- -----cpu------ 

r  b   swpd   free   buff  cache   si   so    bi    bo   in   cs us sy id wa st
0  0      0 2540988 522188 5130400    0    0     2    32    4    2  4  1 96  0  0
1  0      0 2540988 522188 5130400    0    0     0   720 1199  665  1  0 99  0  0
0  0      0 2540956 522188 5130400    0    0     0     0 1151 1569  4  1 95  0  0
0  0      0 2540956 522188 5130500    0    0     0     6 1117  439  1  0 99  0  0
0  0      0 2540940 522188 5130512    0    0     0   536 1189  932  1  0 98  0  0
0  0      0 2538444 522188 5130588    0    0     0     0 1187 1417  4  1 96  0  0
0  0      0 2490060 522188 5130640    0    0     0    18 1253 1123  5  1 94  0  0

Display Memory Utilization Slabinfo

  1. vmstat -m

Get Information About Active / Inactive Memory Pages

  1. vmstat -a

=> Related: How do I find out Linux Resource utilization to detect system bottlenecks?

  1. 3: w - Find Out Who Is Logged on And What They Are Doing

w command displays information about the users currently on the machine, and their processes.

  1. w username
  2. w vivek

Sample Outputs: 

17:58:47 up 5 days, 20:28,  2 users,  load average: 0.36, 0.26, 0.24

USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT root pts/0 10.1.3.145 14:55 5.00s 0.04s 0.02s vim /etc/resolv.conf root pts/1 10.1.3.145 17:43 0.00s 0.03s 0.00s w

uptime

Perintah uptime dapat digunakan untuk melihat berapa lama sistem telah berjalan, waktu sekarang di komputer, berapa user yang sedang log on, beban sistem 1, 5 dan 15 menit terakhir. 

uptime

hasilnya kurang lebih 

08:47:21 up 14:27,  3 users,  load average: 1.16, 1.09, 1.07

Load akan berubah dari satu sistem ke sistem lain. Untuk sistem dengan 1 CPU maka load 1-3 cukup optimal. Untuk sebuah sistem SMP maka load 6-10 masih dapat di terima.



  1. 6: free - Memory Usage

The command free displays the total amount of free and used physical and swap memory in the system, as well as the buffers used by the kernel.

  1. free

Sample Output: 

           total       used       free     shared    buffers     cached

Mem: 12302896 9739664 2563232 0 523124 5154740 -/+ buffers/cache: 4061800 8241096 Swap: 1052248 0 1052248

=> Related: : 

   Linux Find Out Virtual Memory PAGESIZE
   Linux Limit CPU Usage Per Process
   How much RAM does my Ubuntu / Fedora Linux desktop PC have?
  1. 7: iostat - Average CPU Load, Disk Activity

The command iostat report Central Processing Unit (CPU) statistics and input/output statistics for devices, partitions and network filesystems (NFS).

  1. iostat

Sample Outputs:

Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 

          3.50    0.09    0.51    0.03    0.00   95.86

Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 22.04 31.88 512.03 16193351 260102868 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 2166 180 sda2 22.04 31.87 512.03 16189010 260102688 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 1615 0

=> Related: : Linux Track NFS Directory / Disk I/O Stats

  1. 8: sar - Collect and Report System Activity

The sar command is used to collect, report, and save system activity information. To see network counter, enter:

  1. sar -n DEV | more

To display the network counters from the 24th:

  1. sar -n DEV -f /var/log/sa/sa24 | more

You can also display real time usage using sar:

  1. sar 4 5

Sample Outputs:

Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009 06:45:12 PM CPU %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 06:45:16 PM all 2.00 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 97.78 06:45:20 PM all 2.07 0.00 0.38 0.03 0.00 97.52 06:45:24 PM all 0.94 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.00 98.78 06:45:28 PM all 1.56 0.00 0.22 0.00 0.00 98.22 06:45:32 PM all 3.53 0.00 0.25 0.03 0.00 96.19 Average: all 2.02 0.00 0.27 0.01 0.00 97.70

=> Related: : How to collect Linux system utilization data into a file

  1. 9: mpstat - Multiprocessor Usage

The mpstat command displays activities for each available processor, processor 0 being the first one. mpstat -P ALL to display average CPU utilization per processor:

  1. mpstat -P ALL

Sample Output:

Linux 2.6.18-128.1.14.el5 (www03.nixcraft.in) 06/26/2009 06:48:11 PM CPU %user %nice %sys %iowait %irq %soft %steal %idle intr/s 06:48:11 PM all 3.50 0.09 0.34 0.03 0.01 0.17 0.00 95.86 1218.04 06:48:11 PM 0 3.44 0.08 0.31 0.02 0.00 0.12 0.00 96.04 1000.31 06:48:11 PM 1 3.10 0.08 0.32 0.09 0.02 0.11 0.00 96.28 34.93 06:48:11 PM 2 4.16 0.11 0.36 0.02 0.00 0.11 0.00 95.25 0.00 06:48:11 PM 3 3.77 0.11 0.38 0.03 0.01 0.24 0.00 95.46 44.80 06:48:11 PM 4 2.96 0.07 0.29 0.04 0.02 0.10 0.00 96.52 25.91 06:48:11 PM 5 3.26 0.08 0.28 0.03 0.01 0.10 0.00 96.23 14.98 06:48:11 PM 6 4.00 0.10 0.34 0.01 0.00 0.13 0.00 95.42 3.75 06:48:11 PM 7 3.30 0.11 0.39 0.03 0.01 0.46 0.00 95.69 76.89

=> Related: : Linux display each multiple SMP CPU processors utilization individually.

  1. 10: pmap - Process Memory Usage

The command pmap report memory map of a process. Use this command to find out causes of memory bottlenecks.

  1. pmap -d PID

To display process memory information for pid # 47394, enter:

  1. pmap -d 47394

Sample Outputs:

47394: /usr/bin/php-cgi Address Kbytes Mode Offset Device Mapping 0000000000400000 2584 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 php-cgi 0000000000886000 140 rw--- 0000000000286000 008:00002 php-cgi 00000000008a9000 52 rw--- 00000000008a9000 000:00000 [ anon ] 0000000000aa8000 76 rw--- 00000000002a8000 008:00002 php-cgi 000000000f678000 1980 rw--- 000000000f678000 000:00000 [ anon ] 000000314a600000 112 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 ld-2.5.so 000000314a81b000 4 r---- 000000000001b000 008:00002 ld-2.5.so 000000314a81c000 4 rw--- 000000000001c000 008:00002 ld-2.5.so 000000314aa00000 1328 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 libc-2.5.so 000000314ab4c000 2048 ----- 000000000014c000 008:00002 libc-2.5.so ..... ...... .. 00002af8d48fd000 4 rw--- 0000000000006000 008:00002 xsl.so 00002af8d490c000 40 r-x-- 0000000000000000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so 00002af8d4916000 2044 ----- 000000000000a000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so 00002af8d4b15000 4 r---- 0000000000009000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so 00002af8d4b16000 4 rw--- 000000000000a000 008:00002 libnss_files-2.5.so 00002af8d4b17000 768000 rw-s- 0000000000000000 000:00009 zero (deleted) 00007fffc95fe000 84 rw--- 00007ffffffea000 000:00000 [ stack ] ffffffffff600000 8192 ----- 0000000000000000 000:00000 [ anon ] mapped: 933712K writeable/private: 4304K shared: 768000K

The last line is very important: 

   mapped: 933712K total amount of memory mapped to files
   writeable/private: 4304K the amount of private address space
   shared: 768000K the amount of address space this process is sharing with others

=> Related: : Linux find the memory used by a program / process using pmap command

  1. 11 and #12: netstat and ss - Network Statistics

The command netstat displays network connections, routing tables, interface statistics, masquerade connections, and multicast memberships. ss command is used to dump socket statistics. It allows showing information similar to netstat. See the following resources about ss and netstat commands: 

   ss: Display Linux TCP / UDP Network and Socket Information
   Get Detailed Information About Particular IP address Connections Using netstat Command
  1. 13: iptraf - Real-time Network Statistics

The iptraf command is interactive colorful IP LAN monitor. It is an ncurses-based IP LAN monitor that generates various network statistics including TCP info, UDP counts, ICMP and OSPF information, Ethernet load info, node stats, IP checks

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