Difference between revisions of "NFS: Konfigurasi Server"

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(New page: 1. Introduction The Network File System is certainly one of the most widely used network services. Network file system (NFS) is based on the Remote procedure call. It allows the client to...)
 
 
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1. Introduction
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==Pendahuluan==
  
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The Network File System is certainly one of the most widely used network services. Network file system (NFS) is based on the Remote procedure call. It allows the client to automount and therefore, transparently access the remote file systems on the network.
+
[[Network File System]] ([[NFS]]) merupakan salah satu layanan jaringan yang banyak digunakan. [[NFS]] memungkinkan client untuk menempelkan harddisk yang ada di jaringan.
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2. Scenario
 
  
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In this scenario we are going to export the file system from the linuxconfig.org (IP address 10.1.1.200) host and mount it on linuxconfig.local(IP address 10.1.1.100).
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==Skenario==
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3. Prerequisites
 
  
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At this point, we assume that the NFS service daemon is already installed on your system, including portmap daemon on which NFS setupt depends. Moreover, your system needs to support the NFS file system.
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Dalam skenario ini kita akan menempelkan harddisk yang ada di linuxconfig.org ([[IP address]] 10.1.1.200) ke client [[IP address]] 10.1.1.100).
  
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$ cat /proc/filesystems
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==Persyaratan==
  
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NFS file system supported
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Install [[NFS]]
  
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NFS daemon should be listening on both standard ports 2049 and portmap on port 111.
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apt-get install nfs-common nfs-kernel-server
 +
mkdir /etc/exports.d
  
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NFS daemon port 2049 portmap port 111
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Pastikan mesin kita mendukung [[NFS]] ketik
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Another way to check if NFS is functioning, is to use the rpcinfo command.
 
  
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# rpcinfo -p  
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  $ cat /proc/filesystems | grep nfs
  
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You should get a response/output similar to one below:
+
keluar
 +
nodev nfs
 +
nodev nfs4
 +
nodev nfsd
  
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check if NFS is functioning
 
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4. Server export file
 
  
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All NFS server exports need to be defined in /etc/exports file.
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NFS daemon harusnya mendengerkan port 2049 dan portmap pada port 111.
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4.1. Most common exports options
 
  
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Here are the most common export techniques and options:
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more /etc/services | grep 111
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/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.100(rw,sync) export /home/nfs directory for host with IP 10.1.1.100 with read, write permissions, and synchronized mode
 
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/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.0/24(ro,sync) export /home/nfs directory for network 10.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 with read only permissions and synchronized mode
 
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/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.100(rw,sync) 10.1.1.10(ro,sync) export /home/nfs directory for host with IP 10.1.1.100 with read, write permissions, synchronized mode, and also export /home/nfs directory for hosts with IP 10.1.1.10 with read only permissions and synchronized mode
 
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/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.100(rw,sync,no_root_squash) export /home/nfs directory for host with IP 10.1.1.100 with read, write permissions, synchronized mode and the remote root user will be treated as a root and will be able to change any file and directory.
 
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/home/nfs/ *(ro,sync) export /home/nfs directory for any host with a read only permission and synchronized mode
 
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/home/nfs/ *.linuxconfig.org(ro,sync) export /home/nfs directory for any host within linuxconfig.org domain with a read only permission and synchronized mode
 
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/home/nfs/ foobar(rw,sync) export /home/nfs directory for hostname foobar with read, write permissions and synchronized mode
 
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4.2. Edit exports file
 
  
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Open up your favorite text editor, for example, vim and edit /etc/exports file and add line /home/nfs/ *(ro,sync) to export /home/nfs directory for any host with read only permissions. edit NFS exports file
+
keluar
 +
sunrpc 111/tcp portmapper # RPC 4.0 portmapper
 +
sunrpc 111/udp portmapper
  
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Be sure that the directory you export by NFS exists. You can also create a file inside the /home/nfs directory which will help you troubleshoot once you mount this file system remotely.
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more /etc/services | grep 2049
  
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# touch /home/nfs/test_file
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keluar
 +
nfs 2049/tcp # Network File System
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nfs 2049/udp # Network File System
  
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4.3. Restart NFS daemon
 
  
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Once you edit /etc/exports file you need to restart NFS daemon to apply changes in the /etc/exports file. Depending on your Linux distribution, the restarting of NFS may differ. Debian users:
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Cara lain untuk cek menggunakan
  
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# /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart  
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rpcinfo -p  | grep 111
 +
rpcinfo -p  | grep
 +
 
 +
keluar
 +
 
 +
  program vers proto  port
 +
    100000    2  tcp    111  portmapper
 +
    100000    2  udp    111  portmapper
 +
    100024    1  udp  56835  status
 +
    100024    1  tcp  53408  status
 +
    100021    1  udp  50903  nlockmgr
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    100021    3  udp  50903  nlockmgr
 +
    100021    4  udp  50903  nlockmgr
 +
    100021    1  tcp  36404  nlockmgr
 +
    100021    3  tcp  36404  nlockmgr
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    100021    4  tcp  36404  nlockmgr
 +
    100003    2  udp  2049  nfs
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    100003    3  udp  2049  nfs
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    100003    4  udp  2049  nfs
 +
    100003    2  tcp  2049  nfs
 +
    100003    3  tcp  2049  nfs
 +
    100003    4  tcp  2049  nfs
 +
 
 +
==Server /etc/exports file==
 +
 
 +
 
 +
Kita perlu mendefinisikan folder yang ingin di share
 +
 
 +
vi /etc/exports
 +
 
 +
misalnya
 +
 
 +
/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.100(rw,sync)  - /home/nfs utk IP 10.1.1.100 read, write permissions & synchronized mode
 +
/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.0/24(ro,sync) - /home/nfs utk IP 10.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 read only permissions and synchronized mode
 +
/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.100(rw,sync) 10.1.1.10(ro,sync) export /home/nfs directory for host with IP 10.1.1.100 with read, write permissions, synchronized mode, and also export /home/nfs directory for hosts with IP 10.1.1.10 with read only permissions and synchronized mode
 +
/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.100(rw,sync,no_root_squash) export /home/nfs directory for host with IP 10.1.1.100 with read, write permissions, synchronized mode and the remote root user will be treated as a root and will be able to change any file and directory.
 +
/home/nfs/ *(ro,sync) export /home/nfs directory for any host with a read only permission and synchronized mode
 +
/home/nfs/ *.linuxconfig.org(ro,sync) export /home/nfs directory for any host within linuxconfig.org domain with a read only permission and synchronized mode
 +
/home/nfs/ foobar(rw,sync) export /home/nfs directory for hostname foobar with read, write permissions and synchronized mode
 +
 
 +
contoh
 +
 
 +
/home/backup *(ro,sync,subtree_check)
 +
/home/backup/public *(rw,sync,subtree_check)
 +
/home/library *(ro,sync,subtree_check)
 +
/home/media *(ro,sync,subtree_check)
 +
 
 +
'''Yang baik:'''
 +
 
 +
/mnt/media *(ro,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check,insecure)
 +
 
 +
==Restart NFS daemon==
 +
 
 +
Setelah /etc/exports file di edit, kita dapat me-restart NFS daemon.
 +
 
 +
/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart  
  
 
Redhat users
 
Redhat users
  
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# /etc/init.d/nfs restart  
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/etc/init.d/nfs restart  
  
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If you later decide to add more NFS exports to the /etc/exports file, you will need to either restart NFS daemon or run command exportfs:
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Jika ingin menambahkan NFS /etc/exports file, kita perlu mengedit & merestart kembali, atau menggunakan perintah
  
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# exportfs -ra  
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exportfs -ra
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Service Start==
 +
 
 +
  sudo systemctl start nfs-kernel-server.service
  
 
==Referensi==
 
==Referensi==
  
 
* http://www.linuxconfig.org/HowTo_configure_NFS
 
* http://www.linuxconfig.org/HowTo_configure_NFS
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==Pranala Menarik==
 
==Pranala Menarik==
Line 68: Line 120:
 
* [[NFS: Konfigurasi Server]]
 
* [[NFS: Konfigurasi Server]]
 
* [[NFS: Konfigurasi Client]]
 
* [[NFS: Konfigurasi Client]]
 +
* [[NFS: Penggunaan nfswatch]]
  
 
[[Category: Linux]]
 
[[Category: Linux]]

Latest revision as of 17:04, 24 January 2019

Pendahuluan

Network File System (NFS) merupakan salah satu layanan jaringan yang banyak digunakan. NFS memungkinkan client untuk menempelkan harddisk yang ada di jaringan.

Skenario

Dalam skenario ini kita akan menempelkan harddisk yang ada di linuxconfig.org (IP address 10.1.1.200) ke client IP address 10.1.1.100).

Persyaratan

Install NFS 

apt-get install nfs-common nfs-kernel-server
mkdir /etc/exports.d

Pastikan mesin kita mendukung NFS ketik 

$ cat /proc/filesystems | grep nfs

keluar 

nodev	nfs
nodev	nfs4
nodev	nfsd


NFS daemon harusnya mendengerkan port 2049 dan portmap pada port 111. 

more /etc/services | grep 111

keluar 

sunrpc		111/tcp		portmapper	# RPC 4.0 portmapper
sunrpc		111/udp		portmapper

more /etc/services | grep 2049

keluar 

nfs		2049/tcp			# Network File System
nfs		2049/udp			# Network File System


Cara lain untuk cek menggunakan 

rpcinfo -p  | grep 111
rpcinfo -p  | grep

keluar 

  program vers proto   port
   100000    2   tcp    111  portmapper
   100000    2   udp    111  portmapper
   100024    1   udp  56835  status
   100024    1   tcp  53408  status
   100021    1   udp  50903  nlockmgr
   100021    3   udp  50903  nlockmgr
   100021    4   udp  50903  nlockmgr
   100021    1   tcp  36404  nlockmgr
   100021    3   tcp  36404  nlockmgr
   100021    4   tcp  36404  nlockmgr
   100003    2   udp   2049  nfs
   100003    3   udp   2049  nfs
   100003    4   udp   2049  nfs
   100003    2   tcp   2049  nfs
   100003    3   tcp   2049  nfs
   100003    4   tcp   2049  nfs

Server /etc/exports file

Kita perlu mendefinisikan folder yang ingin di share 

vi /etc/exports

misalnya 

/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.100(rw,sync)  - /home/nfs utk IP 10.1.1.100 read, write permissions & synchronized mode
/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.0/24(ro,sync) - /home/nfs utk IP 10.1.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 read only permissions and synchronized mode
/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.100(rw,sync) 10.1.1.10(ro,sync) 	export /home/nfs directory for host with IP 10.1.1.100 with read, write permissions, synchronized mode, and also export /home/nfs directory for hosts with IP 10.1.1.10 with read only permissions and synchronized mode
/home/nfs/ 10.1.1.100(rw,sync,no_root_squash) 	export /home/nfs directory for host with IP 10.1.1.100 with read, write permissions, synchronized mode and the remote root user will be treated as a root and will be able to change any file and directory.
/home/nfs/ *(ro,sync) 	export /home/nfs directory for any host with a read only permission and synchronized mode
/home/nfs/ *.linuxconfig.org(ro,sync) 	export /home/nfs directory for any host within linuxconfig.org domain with a read only permission and synchronized mode
/home/nfs/ foobar(rw,sync) 	export /home/nfs directory for hostname foobar with read, write permissions and synchronized mode

contoh 

/home/backup *(ro,sync,subtree_check)
/home/backup/public *(rw,sync,subtree_check)
/home/library *(ro,sync,subtree_check)
/home/media *(ro,sync,subtree_check)

Yang baik: 

/mnt/media *(ro,fsid=0,crossmnt,no_subtree_check,insecure)

Restart NFS daemon

Setelah /etc/exports file di edit, kita dapat me-restart NFS daemon. 

/etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

Redhat users 

/etc/init.d/nfs restart

Jika ingin menambahkan NFS /etc/exports file, kita perlu mengedit & merestart kembali, atau menggunakan perintah 

exportfs -ra


Service Start

 sudo systemctl start nfs-kernel-server.service

Referensi

Pranala Menarik

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