Difference between revisions of "AIS: AIS receiver on a Raspberry Pi with RTL-SDR"

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1. System update
 
1. System update
  
−
sudo apt-get update
+
sudo apt-get update
−
sudo apt-get upgrade
+
sudo apt-get upgrade
−
1
 
−
2
 
−
 
−
sudo apt-get update
 
−
sudo apt-get upgrade
 
  
 
2. RTL-SDR software installation
 
2. RTL-SDR software installation
  
 
Install required software for compilation :
 
Install required software for compilation :
−
sudo apt-get install git cmake libusb-1.0-0-dev build-essential
+
 
−
1
+
sudo apt-get install git cmake libusb-1.0-0-dev build-essential
−
 
−
sudo apt-get install git cmake libusb-1.0-0-dev build-essential
 
  
 
Clone software from Github :
 
Clone software from Github :
−
git clone git://git.osmocom.org/rtl-sdr.git
+
 
−
1
+
git clone git://git.osmocom.org/rtl-sdr.git
−
+
 
−
git clone git://git.osmocom.org/rtl-sdr.git
 
  
 
Move to folder, compile, install and reboot :
 
Move to folder, compile, install and reboot :
−
cd  rtl-sdr
+
 
−
mkdir build
+
cd  rtl-sdr
−
cd build
+
mkdir build
−
cmake ../ -DINSTALL_UDEV_RULES=ON
+
cd build
−
make
+
cmake ../ -DINSTALL_UDEV_RULES=ON
−
sudo make install
+
make
−
sudo ldconfig
+
sudo make install
−
cd ~
+
sudo ldconfig
−
sudo cp ./rtl-sdr/rtl-sdr.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/
+
cd ~
−
sudo reboot
+
sudo cp ./rtl-sdr/rtl-sdr.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/
−
1
+
  sudo reboot
−
2
 
−
3
 
−
4
 
−
5
 
−
6
 
−
7
 
−
8
 
−
9
 
−
10
 
−
 
−
cd rtl-sdr
 
−
mkdir build
 
−
cd build
 
−
cmake ../ -DINSTALL_UDEV_RULES=ON
 
−
make
 
−
sudo make install
 
−
sudo ldconfig
 
−
cd ~
 
−
sudo cp ./rtl-sdr/rtl-sdr.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/
 
−
sudo reboot
 
  
 
Then we can test :
 
Then we can test :
−
rtl_test
+
rtl_test  
−
1
 
−
 
−
rtl_test  
 
  
 
You might have the following issue :
 
You might have the following issue :
Line 81: Line 50:
  
 
Remove the problematic driver :
 
Remove the problematic driver :
−
sudo modprobe -r dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
+
 
−
1
+
sudo modprobe -r dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
−
 
−
sudo modprobe -r dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
 
  
 
Blacklist it by creating the following file :
 
Blacklist it by creating the following file :
−
sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/rtl-sdr-blacklist.conf
+
 
−
1
+
sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/rtl-sdr-blacklist.conf
−
 
−
sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/rtl-sdr-blacklist.conf
 
  
 
With the following content :
 
With the following content :
−
blacklist dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
+
 
−
1
+
blacklist dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
−
 
−
blacklist dvb_usb_rtl28xxu
 
  
 
Then we can test again :
 
Then we can test again :
−
rtl_test
+
 
−
1
+
rtl_test  
−
 
−
rtl_test  
 
  
 
The output should looks like :
 
The output should looks like :
Line 124: Line 85:
  
 
Go back to your home folder :
 
Go back to your home folder :
−
cd ~
+
 
−
1
+
cd ~
−
+
 
−
cd ~
 
  
 
Install required software for compilation :
 
Install required software for compilation :
−
sudo apt install build-essential libtool automake autoconf librtlsdr-dev libfftw3-dev
+
 
−
1
+
sudo apt install build-essential libtool automake autoconf librtlsdr-dev libfftw3-dev
−
+
 
−
sudo apt install build-essential libtool automake autoconf librtlsdr-dev libfftw3-dev
 
  
 
Clone software from Github :
 
Clone software from Github :
−
git clone https://github.com/steve-m/kalibrate-rtl
+
git clone https://github.com/steve-m/kalibrate-rtl
−
1
+
 
−
 
−
git clone https://github.com/steve-m/kalibrate-rtl
 
  
 
Move to folder, compile and install :
 
Move to folder, compile and install :
−
cd kalibrate-rtl/
+
 
−
./bootstrap && CXXFLAGS='-W -Wall -O3'
+
cd kalibrate-rtl/
−
./configure
+
./bootstrap && CXXFLAGS='-W -Wall -O3'
−
make
+
./configure
−
sudo make install
+
make
−
1
+
sudo make install
−
2
 
−
3
 
−
4
 
−
5
 
−
 
−
cd kalibrate-rtl/
 
−
./bootstrap && CXXFLAGS='-W -Wall -O3'
 
−
./configure
 
−
make
 
−
sudo make install
 
  
 
Test it a few minutes to get a rough idea of the PPM deviation :
 
Test it a few minutes to get a rough idea of the PPM deviation :
−
rtl_test -p
+
 
−
1
+
rtl_test -p
−
 
−
rtl_test -p
 
  
 
Output :
 
Output :
Line 198: Line 143:
  
 
Start to search for 900Mhz GSM stations :
 
Start to search for 900Mhz GSM stations :
−
kal -s 900 -g 49.6 -e 23
+
 
−
1
+
kal -s 900 -g 49.6 -e 23
−
 
−
kal -s 900 -g 49.6 -e 23
 
  
 
Output :
 
Output :
Line 225: Line 168:
  
 
Then let’s find the PPM using here the channel 5 (as it is the stronger) :
 
Then let’s find the PPM using here the channel 5 (as it is the stronger) :
−
kal -c 5 -g 49.6 -e 23
+
 
−
1
+
kal -c 5 -g 49.6 -e 23
−
+
 
−
kal -c 5 -g 49.6 -e 23
 
  
 
Output :
 
Output :
Line 249: Line 191:
  
 
Our average absolute error is 35.715 ppm !
 
Our average absolute error is 35.715 ppm !
 +
 
4. RTL-AIS Software
 
4. RTL-AIS Software
  
 
Go back to your home folder :
 
Go back to your home folder :
−
cd ~
+
cd ~
−
1
 
−
 
−
cd ~
 
  
 
Clone software from Github :
 
Clone software from Github :
−
git clone https://github.com/dgiardini/rtl-ais
+
 
−
1
+
git clone https://github.com/dgiardini/rtl-ais
−
+
 
−
git clone https://github.com/dgiardini/rtl-ais
 
  
 
Move to folder, compile and install :
 
Move to folder, compile and install :
−
cd rtl-ais
+
 
−
make
+
cd rtl-ais
−
1
+
make
−
2
+
 
−
 
−
cd rtl-ais
 
−
make
 
  
 
Then we can run the software :
 
Then we can run the software :
−
./rtl_ais -p 35 -n -h 192.168.1.15
 
−
1
 
−
 
−
./rtl_ais -p 35 -n -h 192.168.1.15
 
  
−
-p 35 : Software deviation in PPM found during the previous calibration.
+
./rtl_ais -p 35 -n -h 192.168.1.15
−
-n : Log AIS messages to console.
+
 
−
-h : Send AIS data to the mentioned IP. Here, our desktop computer with OpenCPN.
+
 
 +
-p 35 : Software deviation in PPM found during the previous calibration.
 +
-n : Log AIS messages to console.
 +
-h : Send AIS data to the mentioned IP. Here, our desktop computer with OpenCPN.
  
 
Output :
 
Output :
Line 343: Line 278:
  
 
This messages could be decoded online, for example here : http://ais.tbsalling.dk/
 
This messages could be decoded online, for example here : http://ais.tbsalling.dk/
 +
 
5. OpenCPN client
 
5. OpenCPN client
  
 
Here is my configuration:
 
Here is my configuration:
−
– 192.168.1.12 : Raspberry Pi Zero with RTL-SDR dongle
+
* 192.168.1.12 : Raspberry Pi Zero with RTL-SDR dongle
−
– 192.168.1.15 : Laptop with Ubuntu desktop and OpenCPN software
+
* 192.168.1.15 : Laptop with Ubuntu desktop and OpenCPN software
  
 
Desktop OpenCPN configuration :
 
Desktop OpenCPN configuration :
−
 
+
* Using the debug window, we can check that AIS messages are well received by OpenCPN :
−
Using the debug window, we can check that AIS messages are well received by OpenCPN :
+
* And AIS targets are shown on the map :
−
 
 
−
And AIS targets are shown on the map :
 
  
 
All done !
 
All done !

Revision as of 17:06, 22 July 2023

Sumber: https://www.fontenay-ronan.fr/ais-receiver-on-a-raspberry-pi-with-rtl-sdr/

The automatic identification system (AIS) is an automatic tracking system that uses transponders on ships and is used by vessel traffic services (VTS). AIS information supplements marine radar, which continues to be the primary method of collision avoidance for water transport.

1. System update 

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

2. RTL-SDR software installation

Install required software for compilation : 

sudo apt-get install git cmake libusb-1.0-0-dev build-essential

Clone software from Github : 

git clone git://git.osmocom.org/rtl-sdr.git


Move to folder, compile, install and reboot : 

cd  rtl-sdr
mkdir build
cd build
cmake ../ -DINSTALL_UDEV_RULES=ON
make
sudo make install
sudo ldconfig
cd ~
sudo cp ./rtl-sdr/rtl-sdr.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/
sudo reboot

Then we can test : 

rtl_test

You might have the following issue : 

   Found 1 device(s):
   0: Realtek, RTL2838UHIDIR, SN: 00000001

   Using device 0: Generic RTL2832U OEM

   Kernel driver is active, or device is claimed by second instance of librtlsdr.
   In the first case, please either detach or blacklist the kernel module
   (dvb_usb_rtl28xxu), or enable automatic detaching at compile time.

   usb_claim_interface error -6
   Failed to open rtlsdr device #0.

Remove the problematic driver : 

sudo modprobe -r dvb_usb_rtl28xxu

Blacklist it by creating the following file : 

sudo vi /etc/modprobe.d/rtl-sdr-blacklist.conf

With the following content : 

blacklist dvb_usb_rtl28xxu

Then we can test again : 

rtl_test

The output should looks like : 

   Found 1 device(s):
   0: Realtek, RTL2838UHIDIR, SN: 00000001

   Using device 0: Generic RTL2832U OEM
   Found Rafael Micro R820T tuner
   Supported gain values (29): 0.0 0.9 1.4 2.7 3.7 7.7 8.7 12.5 14.4 15.7 16.6 19.7 20.7 22.9 25.4 28.0 29.7 32.8 33.8 36.4 37.2 38.6 40.2 42.1 43.4 43.9 44.5 48.0 49.6
   [R82XX] PLL not locked!
   Sampling at 2048000 S/s.

   Info: This tool will continuously read from the device, and report if
   samples get lost. If you observe no further output, everything is fine.

   Reading samples in async mode…
   Allocating 15 zero-copy buffers

3. RTL-SDR dongle calibration

Go back to your home folder : 

cd ~


Install required software for compilation : 

sudo apt install build-essential libtool automake autoconf librtlsdr-dev libfftw3-dev


Clone software from Github : 

git clone https://github.com/steve-m/kalibrate-rtl


Move to folder, compile and install : 

cd kalibrate-rtl/
./bootstrap && CXXFLAGS='-W -Wall -O3'
./configure
make
sudo make install

Test it a few minutes to get a rough idea of the PPM deviation : 

rtl_test -p

Output : 

   Found 1 device(s):
   0: Realtek, RTL2838UHIDIR, SN: 00000001

   Using device 0: Generic RTL2832U OEM
   Found Rafael Micro R820T tuner
   Supported gain values (29): 0.0 0.9 1.4 2.7 3.7 7.7 8.7 12.5 14.4 15.7 16.6 19.7 20.7 22.9 25.4 28.0 29.7 32.8 33.8 36.4 37.2 38.6 40.2 42.1 43.4 43.9 44.5 48.0 49.6
   [R82XX] PLL not locked!
   Sampling at 2048000 S/s.
   Reporting PPM error measurement every 10 seconds…
   Press ^C after a few minutes.
   Reading samples in async mode…
   lost at least 168 bytes
   real sample rate: 2047684 current PPM: -154 cumulative PPM: -154
   real sample rate: 2048101 current PPM: 50 cumulative PPM: -52
   real sample rate: 2048077 current PPM: 38 cumulative PPM: -22
   real sample rate: 2048198 current PPM: 97 cumulative PPM: 8
   real sample rate: 2048066 current PPM: 33 cumulative PPM: 13
   real sample rate: 2048093 current PPM: 46 cumulative PPM: 18
   real sample rate: 2048072 current PPM: 36 cumulative PPM: 21
   real sample rate: 2047986 current PPM: -6 cumulative PPM: 17
   real sample rate: 2048079 current PPM: 39 cumulative PPM: 20
   real sample rate: 2048108 current PPM: 53 cumulative PPM: 23
   real sample rate: 2048037 current PPM: 18 cumulative PPM: 23
   ^CSignal caught, exiting!

   User cancel, exiting…
   Samples per million lost (minimum): 0

We’ll keep 23 as a rough PPM value at this stage.

Start to search for 900Mhz GSM stations : 

kal -s 900 -g 49.6 -e 23

Output : 

   Found 1 device(s):
   0: Generic RTL2832U OEM

   Using device 0: Generic RTL2832U OEM
   Found Rafael Micro R820T tuner
   Exact sample rate is: 270833.002142 Hz
   [R82XX] PLL not locked!
   Setting gain: 49.6 dB
   kal: Scanning for GSM-900 base stations.
   GSM-900:
   chan: 2 (935.4MHz – 16.587kHz) power: 869529.54
   chan: 4 (935.8MHz + 38.960kHz) power: 2190452.67
   chan: 5 (936.0MHz – 16.799kHz) power: 4623109.31
   chan: 15 (938.0MHz + 38.865kHz) power: 815597.24
   chan: 16 (938.2MHz – 15.502kHz) power: 2225985.25
   chan: 20 (939.0MHz + 38.956kHz) power: 1047025.60
   chan: 78 (950.6MHz – 12.733kHz) power: 3137623.08
   chan: 123 (959.6MHz – 12.483kHz) power: 1856407.90

Then let’s find the PPM using here the channel 5 (as it is the stronger) : 

kal -c 5 -g 49.6 -e 23


Output : 

   Found 1 device(s):
   0: Generic RTL2832U OEM

   Using device 0: Generic RTL2832U OEM
   Found Rafael Micro R820T tuner
   Exact sample rate is: 270833.002142 Hz
   [R82XX] PLL not locked!
   Setting gain: 49.6 dB
   kal: Calculating clock frequency offset.
   Using GSM-900 channel 5 (936.0MHz)
   average [min, max] (range, stddev)
   – 11.901kHz [-11934, -11871] (63, 18.615683)
   overruns: 0
   not found: 0
   average absolute error: 35.715 ppm

Our average absolute error is 35.715 ppm !

4. RTL-AIS Software

Go back to your home folder : 

cd ~

Clone software from Github : 

git clone https://github.com/dgiardini/rtl-ais


Move to folder, compile and install : 

cd rtl-ais
make


Then we can run the software : 

./rtl_ais -p 35 -n -h 192.168.1.15



-p 35 : Software deviation in PPM found during the previous calibration.
-n : Log AIS messages to console.
-h : Send AIS data to the mentioned IP. Here, our desktop computer with OpenCPN.

Output : 

   Edge tuning disabled.
   DC filter enabled.
   RTL AGC disabled.
   Internal AIS decoder enabled.
   Buffer size: 163.84 mS
   Downsample factor: 64
   Low pass: 25000 Hz
   Output: 48000 Hz
   Found 1 device(s):
   0: Realtek, RTL2838UHIDIR, SN: 00000001

   Using device 0: Generic RTL2832U OEM
   Found Rafael Micro R820T tuner
   Log NMEA sentences to console ON
   AIS data will be sent to 192.168.1.15 port 10110
   Tuner gain set to automatic.
   Tuner error set to 35 ppm.
   Tuned to 162000000 Hz.
   Sampling at 1600000 S/s.
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,6>jCJckfJjOt>db70104@00,0*71
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,E>jCJcl32bh87ab@87a:1RP0000?rnLv=Q?ih50b>:0,0*6A
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,6>jCJckfJjOt>db7@104@00,0*01
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,6>jCJckfJjOt>db70104@00,0*72
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,E>jCJcl32bh87ab@87a:1RP0000?rnLn=Q?j@50b>:0,0*59
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,6>jCJckfJjOt>db70104@00,0*71
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,6>jCJckfJjOt>db5P104@00,0*10
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,E>jCJcl32bh87ab@87a:1RP0000?rnM4=Q?ih50b>:0,0*29
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,E>jCJcl32bh87ab@87a:1RP0000?rnLv=Q?gh50b>:0,0*64
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,E>jCJcl32bh87ab@87a:1RP0000?rnLm=Q?k050b>:0,0*2B
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,6>jCJckfJjOt>db70104@00,0*71
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,33IWVk0Ohvwma3BK1nlAIQ@L01vP,0*64
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,33IWVk0Ohrwma5vK1o2QRQFV00qh,0*27
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,13IWVk0Ohrwma74K1o;iS1Hd0L10,0*6E
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,33IWVk000bwmabjK1pdC8jBj01r0,0*33
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,E>jCJcl32bh87ab@87a:1RP0000?rnLk=Q?ih50b>:0,0*77
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,13IWVk000IwmbLnK1qS8;h6d08jCJckfJjOt>db6h104@00,0*28
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,33IWVk0Oh5wmbIJK1qALP@l:01o@,0*31
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,33IWVk0Oh7wmbI8K1qBdEPnB00pP,0*18
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,13IWVk0Oh6wmbHVK1qCdQhpJ087:,0*69
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,33IWVk0Oh7wmbHHK1qEdDPpT013@,0*36
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,13IWVk0Oh7wmbH0K1qFt00rd05C0,0*7E
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,33IWVk0Oh8wmbGJK1qHch0rr00ih,0*26
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,13IWVk1009wmbG:K1qJ;g0s005C0,0*11
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,13IWVk1008wmbFRK1qLKl@wB0<10,0*7A !AIVDM,1,1,,B,13IWVk1Oh6wmbDPK1qTu0QjCJckfJjOt>db5P104@00,0*10
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,13IWVk1Oh4wmbCnK1qadqQE000R@,0*3A
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,13IWVk1Oh3wmbCrK1qcM0iGB08Gw,0*2A
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,13IWVk1Oh3wmbD6K1qeP@1KV05C4,0*0B
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,13IWVk1003wmbChK1qh=jCJcl32bh87ab@87a:1RP0000?rnLq=Q?gh50b>:0,0*63
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,33IWVk1003wmbCFK1qlej1Rd0AfJ,0*48
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,13IWVk1003wmbCFK1qp@:1WB0000,0*5D
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,13IWVk1Oh1wmbCJK1qru21f40000,0*0C
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,33IWVk1001wmbBLK1qsnP1v80Dhr,0*27
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,33IWVk1000wmbCDK1qeoHAp20EjCJcl32bh87ab@87a:1RP0000?rnLq=Q?j@50b>:0,0*46
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,6>jCJckfJjOt>db70104@00,0*71
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,E>jCJcl32bh87ab@87a:1RP0000?rnLi=Q?j@50`b>:0,0*5D
   !AIVDM,1,1,,A,6>jCJckfJjOt>db70104@00,0*72
   !AIVDM,1,1,,B,6>jCJckfJjOt>db5h104@00,0*2B

This messages could be decoded online, for example here : http://ais.tbsalling.dk/

5. OpenCPN client

Here is my configuration:

  • 192.168.1.12 : Raspberry Pi Zero with RTL-SDR dongle
  • 192.168.1.15 : Laptop with Ubuntu desktop and OpenCPN software

Desktop OpenCPN configuration :

  • Using the debug window, we can check that AIS messages are well received by OpenCPN :
  • And AIS targets are shown on the map :

All done !




Referensi

Pranala Menarik

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