JAVA: Tipe Exception dengan Contoh

Java mendefinisikan beberapa jenis exception yang berhubungan dengan berbagai class libraries. Java juga memungkinkan pengguna untuk menentukan exception mereka sendiri.

Built-in Exception

Built-in exception adalah exception yang tersedia di Java libraries. Exception ini cocok untuk menjelaskan situasi error tertentu. Di bawah ini adalah daftar built-in exception yang penting di Java.

• ArithmeticException - Itu dilemparkan ketika kondisi luar biasa telah terjadi dalam operasi aritmatika.
• ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - Itu dilemparkan untuk menunjukkan bahwa array telah diakses dengan indeks ilegal. Indeksnya negatif atau lebih besar dari atau sama dengan ukuran array.
• ClassNotFoundException - Exception ini dimunculkan ketika kita mencoba mengakses class yang definisinya tidak ditemukan
• FileNotFoundException - This Exception is raised when a file is not accessible or does not open.
• IOException - It is thrown when an input-output operation failed or interrupted
• InterruptedException - It is thrown when a thread is waiting, sleeping, or doing some processing, and it is interrupted.
• NoSuchFieldException - It is thrown when a class does not contain the field (or variable) specified
• NoSuchMethodException - It is thrown when accessing a method which is not found.
• NullPointerException - This exception is raised when referring to the members of a null object. Null represents nothing
• NumberFormatException - This exception is raised when a method could not convert a string into a numeric format.
• RuntimeException - This represents any exception which occurs during runtime.
• StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - It is thrown by String class methods to indicate that an index is either negative or greater than the size of the string

• FileNotFoundException - Exception ini muncul saat file tidak dapat diakses atau tidak terbuka.
• IOException - Thrown ketika operasi input-output gagal atau terputus
• InterruptedException - Thrown ketika sebuah utas sedang menunggu, tidur, atau melakukan beberapa pemrosesan, dan terputus.
• NoSuchFieldException - Thrown ketika kelas tidak berisi bidang (atau variabel) yang ditentukan
• NoSuchMethodException - Thrown saat mengakses method yang tidak ditemukan.
• NullPointerException - Exception ini muncul saat merujuk ke anggota object null. Null tidak mewakili apa-apa
• NumberFormatException - Exception ini muncul ketika method tidak dapat mengubah string menjadi format numerik.
• RuntimeException - Ini mewakili Exception apa pun yang terjadi selama runtime.
• StringIndexOutOfBoundsException - Thrown oleh method Class String untuk menunjukkan bahwa indeks negatif atau lebih besar dari ukuran string

Contoh dari Built-in Exception:

Arithmetic exception

// Java program to demonstrate ArithmeticException
class ArithmeticException_Demo
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        try {
            int a = 30, b = 0;
            int c = a/b;  // cannot divide by zero
            System.out.println ("Result = " + c);
        }
        catch(ArithmeticException e) {
            System.out.println ("Can't divide a number by 0");
        }
    }
}

Output:

Can't divide a number by 0

NullPointer Exception

//Java program to demonstrate NullPointerException
class NullPointer_Demo
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        try {
            String a = null; //null value
            System.out.println(a.charAt(0));
        } catch(NullPointerException e) {
            System.out.println("NullPointerException..");
        }
    }
}

Output:

NullPointerException..

StringIndexOutOfBound Exception

// Java program to demonstrate StringIndexOutOfBoundsException
class StringIndexOutOfBound_Demo
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        try {
            String a = "This is like chipping "; // length is 22
            char c = a.charAt(24); // accessing 25th element
            System.out.println(c);
        }
        catch(StringIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
            System.out.println("StringIndexOutOfBoundsException");
        }
    }
}

Output:

StringIndexOutOfBoundsException

FileNotFound Exception

//Java program to demonstrate FileNotFoundException
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileReader;
 class File_notFound_Demo {
 
    public static void main(String args[])  {
        try {
 
            // Following file does not exist
            File file = new File("E://file.txt");
 
            FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
           System.out.println("File does not exist");
        }
    }
}

Output:

File does not exist

NumberFormat Exception

// Java program to demonstrate NumberFormatException
class  NumberFormat_Demo
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        try {
            // "akki" is not a number
            int num = Integer.parseInt ("akki") ;
 
            System.out.println(num);
        } catch(NumberFormatException e) {
            System.out.println("Number format exception");
        }
    }
}

Output:

Number format exception

ArrayIndexOutOfBounds Exception

// Java program to demonstrate ArrayIndexOutOfBoundException
class ArrayIndexOutOfBound_Demo
{
    public static void main(String args[])
    {
        try{
            int a[] = new int[5];
            a[6] = 9; // accessing 7th element in an array of
                      // size 5
        }
        catch(ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e){
            System.out.println ("Array Index is Out Of Bounds");
        }
    }
}

Output:

Array Index is Out Of Bounds

User-Defined Exceptions

Sometimes, the built-in exceptions in Java are not able to describe a certain situation. In such cases, user can also create exceptions which are called ‘user-defined Exceptions’.

Following steps are followed for the creation of user-defined Exception.

The user should create an exception class as a subclass of Exception class. Since all the exceptions are subclasses of Exception class, the user should also make his class a subclass of it. This is done as: class MyException extends Exception We can write a default constructor in his own exception class. MyException(){} We can also create a parameterized constructor with a string as a parameter. We can use this to store exception details. We can call super class(Exception) constructor from this and send the string there.

MyException(String str)
{
   super(str);
}

To raise exception of user-defined type, we need to create an object to his exception class and throw it using throw clause, as:

MyException me = new MyException(“Exception details”);
throw me;

The following program illustrates how to create own exception class MyException. Details of account numbers, customer names, and balance amounts are taken in the form of three arrays. In main() method, the details are displayed using a for-loop. At this time, check is done if in any account the balance amount is less than the minimum balance amount to be apt in the account. If it is so, then MyException is raised and a message is displayed “Balance amount is less”.

// Java program to demonstrate user defined exception
 
// This program throws an exception whenever balance
// amount is below Rs 1000
class MyException extends Exception
{
    //store account information
    private static int accno[] = {1001, 1002, 1003, 1004};
 
    private static String name[] =
                 {"Nish", "Shubh", "Sush", "Abhi", "Akash"};
 
    private static double bal[] =
         {10000.00, 12000.00, 5600.0, 999.00, 1100.55};
 
    // default constructor
    MyException() {    }
 
    // parameterized constructor
    MyException(String str) { super(str); }
 
    // write main()
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        try  {
            // display the heading for the table
            System.out.println("ACCNO" + "\t" + "CUSTOMER" +
                                           "\t" + "BALANCE");
 
            // display the actual account information
            for (int i = 0; i < 5 ; i++)
            {
                System.out.println(accno[i] + "\t" + name[i] +
                                               "\t" + bal[i]);
 
                // display own exception if balance < 1000
                if (bal[i] < 1000)
                {
                    MyException me =
                       new MyException("Balance is less than 1000");
                    throw me;
                }
            }
        } //end of try
 
        catch (MyException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

RunTime Error

 MyException: Balance is less than 1000
    at MyException.main(fileProperty.java:36)

Output:  

ACCNO    CUSTOMER    BALANCE
1001    Nish    10000.0
1002    Shubh    12000.0
1003    Sush    5600.0
1004    Abhi    999.0

Referensi

• https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/types-of-exception-in-java-with-examples/