Difference between revisions of "BIND: Konfigurasi sebagai private DNS"

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Sumber: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-configure-bind-as-a-private-network-dns-server-on-ubuntu-14-04
 
Sumber: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-configure-bind-as-a-private-network-dns-server-on-ubuntu-14-04
−
 
−
Introduction
 
−
 
−
An important part of managing server configuration and infrastructure includes maintaining an easy way to look up network interfaces and IP addresses by name, by setting up a proper Domain Name System (DNS). Using fully qualified domain names (FQDNs), instead of IP addresses, to specify network addresses eases the configuration of services and applications, and increases the maintainability of configuration files. Setting up your own DNS for your private network is a great way to improve the management of your servers.
 
−
 
−
In this tutorial, we will go over how to set up an internal DNS server, using the BIND name server software (BIND9) on Ubuntu 14.04, that can be used by your Virtual Private Servers (VPS) to resolve private host names and private IP addresses. This provides a central way to manage your internal hostnames and private IP addresses, which is indispensable when your environment expands to more than a few hosts.
 
−
 
−
The CentOS version of this tutorial can be found here.
 
−
Prerequisites
 
−
 
−
To complete this tutorial, you will need the following:
 
−
 
−
    Some servers that are running in the same datacenter and have private networking enabled
 
−
    A new VPS to serve as the Primary DNS server, ns1
 
−
    Optional: A new VPS to serve as a Secondary DNS server, ns2
 
−
    Root access to all of the above (steps 1-4 here)
 
−
 
−
If you are unfamiliar with DNS concepts, it is recommended that you read at least the first three parts of our Introduction to Managing DNS.
 
−
Example Hosts
 
−
 
−
For example purposes, we will assume the following:
 
−
 
−
    We have two existing VPS called "host1" and "host2"
 
−
    Both VPS exist in the nyc3 datacenter
 
−
    Both VPS have private networking enabled (and are on the 10.128.0.0/16 subnet)
 
−
    Both VPS are somehow related to our web application that runs on "example.com"
 
−
 
−
With these assumptions, we decide that it makes sense to use a naming scheme that uses "nyc3.example.com" to refer to our private subnet or zone. Therefore, host1's private Fully-Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) will be "host1.nyc3.example.com". Refer to the following table the relevant details:
 
−
Host Role Private FQDN Private IP Address
 
−
host1 Generic Host 1 host1.nyc3.example.com 10.128.100.101
 
−
host2 Generic Host 2 host2.nyc3.example.com 10.128.200.102
 
−
 
−
Note: Your existing setup will be different, but the example names and IP addresses will be used to demonstrate how to configure a DNS server to provide a functioning internal DNS. You should be able to easily adapt this setup to your own environment by replacing the host names and private IP addresses with your own. It is not necessary to use the region name of the datacenter in your naming scheme, but we use it here to denote that these hosts belong to a particular datacenter's private network. If you utilize multiple datacenters, you can set up an internal DNS within each respective datacenter.
 
−
Our Goal
 
−
 
−
By the end of this tutorial, we will have a primary DNS server, ns1, and optionally a secondary DNS server, ns2, which will serve as a backup.
 
−
 
−
Here is a table with example names and IP addresses:
 
−
Host Role Private FQDN Private IP Address
 
−
ns1 Primary DNS Server ns1.nyc3.example.com 10.128.10.11
 
−
ns2 Secondary DNS Server ns2.nyc3.example.com 10.128.20.12
 
−
 
−
Let's get started by installing our Primary DNS server, ns1.
 
−
 
  
  
Line 66: Line 22:
 
Edit
 
Edit
  
−
    sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options
+
sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options
  
 
Jika dibutuhkan kita bisa menambahkan trusted client
 
Jika dibutuhkan kita bisa menambahkan trusted client
Line 100: Line 56:
 
  sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local
 
  sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local
  
−
Aside from a few comments, the file should be empty. Here, we will specify our forward and reverse zones.
+
Di file ini kita bisa tambahkan forward dan revese zone dari sebuah domain, contoh
  
−
Add the forward zone with the following lines (substitute the zone name with your own):
+
zone "nyc3.example.com" {
−
/etc/bind/named.conf.local — 1 of 2
+
    type master;
 +
    file "/etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com"; # zone file path
 +
    allow-transfer { 10.128.20.12; };        # ns2 private IP address - secondary
 +
};
  
−
zone "nyc3.example.com" {
+
Asumsi private subnet 10.128.0.0/16, reverse zone- adalah,
−
    type master;
 
−
    file "/etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com"; # zone file path
 
−
    allow-transfer { 10.128.20.12; };        # ns2 private IP address - secondary
 
−
};
 
  
−
Assuming that our private subnet is 10.128.0.0/16, add the reverse zone by with the following lines (note that our reverse zone name starts with "128.10" which is the octet reversal of "10.128"):
+
zone "128.10.in-addr.arpa" {
−
/etc/bind/named.conf.local — 2 of 2
+
    type master;
 +
    file "/etc/bind/zones/db.10.128";  # 10.128.0.0/16 subnet
 +
    allow-transfer { 10.128.20.12; };  # ns2 private IP address - secondary
 +
};
  
−
zone "128.10.in-addr.arpa" {
 
−
    type master;
 
−
    file "/etc/bind/zones/db.10.128";  # 10.128.0.0/16 subnet
 
−
    allow-transfer { 10.128.20.12; };  # ns2 private IP address - secondary
 
−
};
 
  
−
If your servers span multiple private subnets but are in the same datacenter, be sure to specify an additional zone and zone file for each distinct subnet. When you are finished adding all of your desired zones, save and exit the named.conf.local file.
+
==Buat Forward Zone File==
  
−
Now that our zones are specified in BIND, we need to create the corresponding forward and reverse zone files.
+
Buat dan edit
−
Create Forward Zone File
 
  
−
The forward zone file is where we define DNS records for forward DNS lookups. That is, when the DNS receives a name query, "host1.nyc3.example.com" for example, it will look in the forward zone file to resolve host1's corresponding private IP address.
+
sudo mkdir /etc/bind/zones
 +
cd /etc/bind/zones
 +
sudo cp ../db.local ./db.nyc3.example.com
 +
sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com
  
−
Let's create the directory where our zone files will reside. According to our named.conf.local configuration, that location should be /etc/bind/zones:
+
Isi awalnya kira-kira
  
−
     sudo mkdir /etc/bind/zones
+
$TTL    604800
 +
@      IN      SOA     localhost. root.localhost. (
 +
                              2        ; Serial
 +
                          604800        ; Refresh
 +
                          86400        ; Retry
 +
                        2419200        ; Expire
 +
                          604800 )      ; Negative Cache TTL
 +
;
 +
@      IN      NS      localhost.      ; delete this line
 +
@      IN      A      127.0.0.1      ; delete this line
 +
@      IN      AAAA    ::1            ; delete this line
  
−
We will base our forward zone file on the sample db.local zone file. Copy it to the proper location with the following commands:
+
Dapat kita ubah menjadi, misalnya,
  
−
     cd /etc/bind/zones
+
$TTL    604800
−
     sudo cp ../db.local ./db.nyc3.example.com
+
@      IN      SOA     ns1.nyc3.example.com. admin.nyc3.example.com. (
 +
                  3      ; Serial
 +
              604800    ; Refresh
 +
              86400    ; Retry
 +
            2419200     ; Expire
 +
              604800 )  ; Negative Cache TTL
 +
;
 +
; name servers - NS records
 +
      IN      NS      ns1.nyc3.example.com.
 +
      IN      NS      ns2.nyc3.example.com.
 +
 +
; name servers - A records
 +
ns1.nyc3.example.com.          IN      A      10.128.10.11
 +
ns2.nyc3.example.com.          IN      A      10.128.20.12
 +
 +
; 10.128.0.0/16 - A records
 +
host1.nyc3.example.com.        IN      A      10.128.100.101
 +
host2.nyc3.example.com.        IN      A      10.128.200.102
  
−
Now let's edit our forward zone file:
+
==Buat Reverse Zone File==
  
−
    sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com
+
Buat dan edit
−
 
 
−
Initially, it will look something like the following:
 
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com — original
 
−
 
 
−
$TTL    604800
 
−
@      IN      SOA    localhost. root.localhost. (
 
−
                              2        ; Serial
 
−
                        604800        ; Refresh
 
−
                          86400        ; Retry
 
−
                        2419200        ; Expire
 
−
                        604800 )      ; Negative Cache TTL
 
−
;
 
−
@      IN      NS      localhost.      ; delete this line
 
−
@      IN      A      127.0.0.1      ; delete this line
 
−
@      IN      AAAA    ::1            ; delete this line
 
−
 
 
−
First, you will want to edit the SOA record. Replace the first "localhost" with ns1's FQDN, then replace "root.localhost" with "admin.nyc3.example.com". Also, every time you edit a zone file, you should increment the serial value before you restart the named process--we will increment it to "3". It should look something like this:
 
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com — updated 1 of 3
 
−
 
 
−
@      IN      SOA    ns1.nyc3.example.com. admin.nyc3.example.com. (
 
−
                              3        ; Serial
 
−
 
 
−
Now delete the three records at the end of the file (after the SOA record). If you're not sure which lines to delete, they are marked with a "delete this line" comment above.
 
−
 
 
−
At the end of the file, add your nameserver records with the following lines (replace the names with your own). Note that the second column specifies that these are "NS" records:
 
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com — updated 2 of 3
 
−
 
 
−
; name servers - NS records
 
−
    IN      NS      ns1.nyc3.example.com.
 
−
    IN      NS      ns2.nyc3.example.com.
 
−
 
 
−
Then add the A records for your hosts that belong in this zone. This includes any server whose name we want to end with ".nyc3.example.com" (substitute the names and private IP addresses). Using our example names and private IP addresses, we will add A records for ns1, ns2, host1, and host2 like so:
 
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com — updated 3 of 3
 
−
 
 
−
; name servers - A records
 
−
ns1.nyc3.example.com.          IN      A      10.128.10.11
 
−
ns2.nyc3.example.com.          IN      A      10.128.20.12
 
−
 
 
−
; 10.128.0.0/16 - A records
 
−
host1.nyc3.example.com.        IN      A      10.128.100.101
 
−
host2.nyc3.example.com.        IN      A      10.128.200.102
 
−
 
 
−
Save and exit the db.nyc3.example.com file.
 
−
 
 
−
Our final example forward zone file looks like the following:
 
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com — updated
 
−
 
 
−
$TTL    604800
 
−
@      IN      SOA    ns1.nyc3.example.com. admin.nyc3.example.com. (
 
−
                  3      ; Serial
 
−
            604800    ; Refresh
 
−
              86400    ; Retry
 
−
            2419200    ; Expire
 
−
            604800 )  ; Negative Cache TTL
 
−
;
 
−
; name servers - NS records
 
−
    IN      NS      ns1.nyc3.example.com.
 
−
    IN      NS      ns2.nyc3.example.com.
 
−
 
 
−
; name servers - A records
 
−
ns1.nyc3.example.com.          IN      A      10.128.10.11
 
−
ns2.nyc3.example.com.          IN      A      10.128.20.12
 
−
 
 
−
; 10.128.0.0/16 - A records
 
−
host1.nyc3.example.com.        IN      A      10.128.100.101
 
−
host2.nyc3.example.com.        IN      A      10.128.200.102
 
−
 
 
−
Now let's move onto the reverse zone file(s).
 
−
Create Reverse Zone File(s)
 
−
 
 
−
Reverse zone file are where we define DNS PTR records for reverse DNS lookups. That is, when the DNS receives a query by IP address, "10.128.100.101" for example, it will look in the reverse zone file(s) to resolve the corresponding FQDN, "host1.nyc3.example.com" in this case.
 
−
 
 
−
On ns1, for each reverse zone specified in the named.conf.local file, create a reverse zone file. We will base our reverse zone file(s) on the sample db.127 zone file. Copy it to the proper location with the following commands (substituting the destination filename so it matches your reverse zone definition):
 
  
 
     cd /etc/bind/zones
 
     cd /etc/bind/zones
 
     sudo cp ../db.127 ./db.10.128
 
     sudo cp ../db.127 ./db.10.128
−
 
−
Edit the reverse zone file that corresponds to the reverse zone(s) defined in named.conf.local:
 
−
 
 
     sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/db.10.128
 
     sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/db.10.128
  
−
Initially, it will look something like the following:
+
Awalnya akan berisi kira-kira
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.10.128 — original
 
  
−
$TTL    604800
+
$TTL    604800
−
@      IN      SOA    localhost. root.localhost. (
+
@      IN      SOA    localhost. root.localhost. (
−
                              1        ; Serial
+
                              1        ; Serial
−
                        604800        ; Refresh
+
                          604800        ; Refresh
−
                          86400        ; Retry
+
                          86400        ; Retry
−
                        2419200        ; Expire
+
                        2419200        ; Expire
−
                        604800 )      ; Negative Cache TTL
+
                          604800 )      ; Negative Cache TTL
−
;
+
;
−
@      IN      NS      localhost.      ; delete this line
+
@      IN      NS      localhost.      ; delete this line
−
1.0.0  IN      PTR    localhost.      ; delete this line
+
1.0.0  IN      PTR    localhost.      ; delete this line
  
−
In the same manner as the forward zone file, you will want to edit the SOA record and increment the serial value. It should look something like this:
+
Ubah menjadi kira-kira,
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.10.128 — updated 1 of 3
 
  
−
@      IN      SOA    ns1.nyc3.example.com. admin.nyc3.example.com. (
+
$TTL    604800
−
                              3        ; Serial
+
@      IN      SOA    nyc3.example.com. admin.nyc3.example.com. (
 +
                              3        ; Serial
 +
                          604800        ; Refresh
 +
                          86400        ; Retry
 +
                        2419200        ; Expire
 +
                          604800 )      ; Negative Cache TTL
 +
; name servers
 +
      IN      NS      ns1.nyc3.example.com.
 +
      IN      NS      ns2.nyc3.example.com.
 +
 +
; PTR Records
 +
11.10  IN      PTR    ns1.nyc3.example.com.    ; 10.128.10.11
 +
12.20  IN      PTR    ns2.nyc3.example.com.    ; 10.128.20.12
 +
101.100 IN      PTR    host1.nyc3.example.com.  ; 10.128.100.101
 +
102.200 IN      PTR    host2.nyc3.example.com.  ; 10.128.200.102
  
−
Now delete the two records at the end of the file (after the SOA record). If you're not sure which lines to delete, they are marked with a "delete this line" comment above.
+
==Cek Syntax Konfigurasi BIND==
  
−
At the end of the file, add your nameserver records with the following lines (replace the names with your own). Note that the second column specifies that these are "NS" records:
+
Jalankan perintah
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.10.128 — updated 2 of 3
 
  
−
; name servers - NS records
+
sudo named-checkconf
−
      IN      NS      ns1.nyc3.example.com.
 
−
      IN      NS      ns2.nyc3.example.com.
 
  
−
Then add PTR records for all of your servers whose IP addresses are on the subnet of the zone file that you are editing. In our example, this includes all of our hosts because they are all on the 10.128.0.0/16 subnet. Note that the first column consists of the last two octets of your servers' private IP addresses in reversed order. Be sure to substitute names and private IP addresses to match your servers:
+
Cek zone tertentu
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.10.128 — updated 3 of 3
 
  
−
; PTR Records
+
sudo named-checkzone nyc3.example.com db.nyc3.example.com
−
11.10  IN      PTR    ns1.nyc3.example.com.    ; 10.128.10.11
+
  sudo named-checkzone 128.10.in-addr.arpa /etc/bind/zones/db.10.128
−
12.20  IN      PTR    ns2.nyc3.example.com.    ; 10.128.20.12
 
−
101.100 IN      PTR    host1.nyc3.example.com. ; 10.128.100.101
 
−
102.200 IN      PTR    host2.nyc3.example.com. ; 10.128.200.102
 
  
−
Save and exit the reverse zone file (repeat this section if you need to add more reverse zone files).
+
Pastikan tidak ada error
  
−
Our final example reverse zone file looks like the following:
+
==Restart BIND==
−
/etc/bind/zones/db.10.128 — updated
 
  
−
$TTL    604800
+
Restart
−
@      IN      SOA    nyc3.example.com. admin.nyc3.example.com. (
 
−
                              3        ; Serial
 
−
                        604800        ; Refresh
 
−
                          86400        ; Retry
 
−
                        2419200        ; Expire
 
−
                        604800 )      ; Negative Cache TTL
 
−
; name servers
 
−
      IN      NS      ns1.nyc3.example.com.
 
−
      IN      NS      ns2.nyc3.example.com.
 
−
 
 
−
; PTR Records
 
−
11.10  IN      PTR    ns1.nyc3.example.com.    ; 10.128.10.11
 
−
12.20  IN      PTR    ns2.nyc3.example.com.    ; 10.128.20.12
 
−
101.100 IN      PTR    host1.nyc3.example.com.  ; 10.128.100.101
 
−
102.200 IN      PTR    host2.nyc3.example.com.  ; 10.128.200.102
 
−
 
 
−
Check BIND Configuration Syntax
 
−
 
 
−
Run the following command to check the syntax of the named.conf* files:
 
−
 
 
−
    sudo named-checkconf
 
−
 
 
−
If your named configuration files have no syntax errors, you will return to your shell prompt and see no error messages. If there are problems with your configuration files, review the error message and the Configure Primary DNS Server section, then try named-checkconf again.
 
−
 
 
−
The named-checkzone command can be used to check the correctness of your zone files. Its first argument specifies a zone name, and the second argument specifies the corresponding zone file, which are both defined in named.conf.local.
 
−
 
 
−
For example, to check the "nyc3.example.com" forward zone configuration, run the following command (change the names to match your forward zone and file):
 
−
 
 
−
    sudo named-checkzone nyc3.example.com db.nyc3.example.com
 
−
 
 
−
And to check the "128.10.in-addr.arpa" reverse zone configuration, run the following command (change the numbers to match your reverse zone and file):
 
−
 
 
−
    sudo named-checkzone 128.10.in-addr.arpa /etc/bind/zones/db.10.128
 
−
 
 
−
When all of your configuration and zone files have no errors in them, you should be ready to restart the BIND service.
 
−
Restart BIND
 
−
 
 
−
Restart BIND:
 
  
 
     sudo service bind9 restart
 
     sudo service bind9 restart
  
−
Your primary DNS server is now setup and ready to respond to DNS queries. Let's move on to creating the secondary DNS server.
+
==Konfigurasi Secondary DNS Server==
−
Configure Secondary DNS Server
 
  
−
In most environments, it is a good idea to set up a secondary DNS server that will respond to requests if the primary becomes unavailable. Luckily, the secondary DNS server is much easier to configure.
+
Lakukan ini di mesin Secondary DNS Server
  
−
On ns2, edit the named.conf.options file:
+
Edit
  
−
    sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options
+
sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options
  
−
At the top of the file, add the ACL with the private IP addresses of all of your trusted servers:
+
Tambahkan
−
/etc/bind/named.conf.options — updated 1 of 2 (secondary)
 
  
−
acl "trusted" {
+
acl "trusted" {
−
        10.128.10.11;  # ns1
+
        10.128.10.11;  # ns1
−
        10.128.20.12;  # ns2 - can be set to localhost
+
        10.128.20.12;  # ns2 - can be set to localhost
−
        10.128.100.101;  # host1
+
        10.128.100.101;  # host1
−
        10.128.200.102;  # host2
+
        10.128.200.102;  # host2
−
};
+
};
  
−
Below the directory directive, add the following lines:
+
Tambahkan
−
/etc/bind/named.conf.options — updated 2 of 2 (secondary)
 
  
−
        recursion yes;
+
recursion yes;
−
        allow-recursion { trusted; };
+
allow-recursion { trusted; };
−
        listen-on { 10.128.20.12; };      # ns2 private IP address
+
listen-on { 10.128.20.12; };      # ns2 private IP address
−
        allow-transfer { none; };          # disable zone transfers by default
+
allow-transfer { none; };          # disable zone transfers by default
 +
 +
forwarders {
 +
      8.8.8.8;
 +
      8.8.4.4;
 +
};
  
−
        forwarders {
+
Edit named.conf.local
−
                8.8.8.8;
 
−
                8.8.4.4;
 
−
        };
 
  
−
Save and exit named.conf.options. This file should look exactly like ns1's named.conf.options file except it should be configured to listen on ns2's private IP address.
+
sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local
  
−
Now edit the named.conf.local file:
+
Buat slave zone,
  
−
    sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local
+
zone "nyc3.example.com" {
−
 
+
    type slave;
−
Define slave zones that correspond to the master zones on the primary DNS server. Note that the type is "slave", the file does not contain a path, and there is a masters directive which should be set to the primary DNS server's private IP. If you defined multiple reverse zones in the primary DNS server, make sure to add them all here:
+
    file "slaves/db.nyc3.example.com";
−
/etc/bind/named.conf.local — updated (secondary)
+
    masters { 10.128.10.11; };  # ns1 private IP
 +
};
 +
 +
zone "128.10.in-addr.arpa" {
 +
    type slave;
 +
    file "slaves/db.10.128";
 +
    masters { 10.128.10.11; };  # ns1 private IP
 +
};
  
−
zone "nyc3.example.com" {
+
Cek
−
    type slave;
 
−
    file "slaves/db.nyc3.example.com";
 
−
    masters { 10.128.10.11; };  # ns1 private IP
 
−
};
 
−
 
 
−
zone "128.10.in-addr.arpa" {
 
−
    type slave;
 
−
    file "slaves/db.10.128";
 
−
    masters { 10.128.10.11; };  # ns1 private IP
 
−
};
 
  
 
Now save and exit named.conf.local.
 
Now save and exit named.conf.local.
  
−
Run the following command to check the validity of your configuration files:
+
sudo named-checkconf
−
 
 
−
    sudo named-checkconf
 
  
−
Once that checks out, restart bind
+
Restart
  
−
    sudo service bind9 restart
+
sudo service bind9 restart
  
−
Now you have primary and secondary DNS servers for private network name and IP address resolution. Now you must configure your servers to use your private DNS servers.
+
==Konfigurasi DNS Client==
−
Configure DNS Clients
 
  
−
Before all of your servers in the "trusted" ACL can query your DNS servers, you must configure each of them to use ns1 and ns2 as nameservers. This process varies depending on OS, but for most Linux distributions it involves adding your name servers to the /etc/resolv.conf file.
+
Edit head file
−
Ubuntu Clients
 
  
−
On Ubuntu and Debian Linux VPS, you can edit the head file, which is prepended to resolv.conf on boot:
+
sudo vi /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head
  
−
    sudo vi /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head
+
Tambahkan
  
−
Add the following lines to the file (substitute your private domain, and ns1 and ns2 private IP addresses):
+
search nyc3.example.com  # your private domain
−
/etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head
+
nameserver 10.128.10.11  # ns1 private IP address
 +
nameserver 10.128.20.12  # ns2 private IP address
  
−
search nyc3.example.com  # your private domain
+
Jalankan
−
nameserver 10.128.10.11  # ns1 private IP address
 
−
nameserver 10.128.20.12  # ns2 private IP address
 
  
−
Now run resolvconf to generate a new resolv.conf file:
+
sudo resolvconf -u
  
−
    sudo resolvconf -u
+
==Test Client==
  
−
Your client is now configured to use your DNS servers.
+
Test forward
−
CentOS Clients
 
  
−
On CentOS, RedHat, and Fedora Linux VPS, simply edit the resolv.conf file:
+
nslookup host1
  
−
    sudo vi /etc/resolv.conf
+
Akan keluar
  
−
Then add the following lines to the TOP of the file (substitute your private domain, and ns1 and ns2 private IP addresses):
+
Output:
−
/etc/resolv.conf
+
Server:    10.128.10.11
 +
Address:    10.128.10.11#53
 +
 +
Name:  host1.nyc3.example.com
 +
Address: 10.128.100.101
  
−
search nyc3.example.com  # your private domain
+
Test reverse
−
nameserver 10.128.10.11  # ns1 private IP address
 
−
nameserver 10.128.20.12  # ns2 private IP address
 
  
−
Now save and exit. Your client is now configured to use your DNS servers.
+
nslookup 10.128.100.101
−
Test Clients
 
  
−
Use nslookup to test if your clients can query your name servers. You should be able to do this on all of the clients that you have configured and are in the "trusted" ACL.
+
Akan keluar
−
Forward Lookup
 
  
−
For example, we can perform a forward lookup to retrieve the IP address of host1.nyc3.example.com by running the following command:
+
Output:
−
 
+
Server:    10.128.10.11
−
    nslookup host1
+
Address:    10.128.10.11#53
−
 
+
−
Querying "host1" expands to "host1.nyc3.example.com because of the search option is set to your private subdomain, and DNS queries will attempt to look on that subdomain before looking for the host elsewhere. The output of the command above would look like the following:
+
11.10.128.10.in-addr.arpa  name = host1.nyc3.example.com.
−
 
 
−
Output:
 
−
Server:    10.128.10.11
 
−
Address:    10.128.10.11#53
 
−
 
 
−
Name:  host1.nyc3.example.com
 
−
Address: 10.128.100.101
 
−
 
 
−
Reverse Lookup
 
−
 
 
−
To test the reverse lookup, query the DNS server with host1's private IP address:
 
−
 
 
−
    nslookup 10.128.100.101
 
−
 
 
−
You should see output that looks like the following:
 
−
 
 
−
Output:
 
−
Server:    10.128.10.11
 
−
Address:    10.128.10.11#53
 
  
−
11.10.128.10.in-addr.arpa  name = host1.nyc3.example.com.
+
==Maintain DNS Record==
  
−
If all of the names and IP addresses resolve to the correct values, that means that your zone files are configured properly. If you receive unexpected values, be sure to review the zone files on your primary DNS server (e.g. db.nyc3.example.com and db.10.128).
+
Menambahkan Host ke DNS, tambahkan ke Primary NameServer,
  
−
Congratulations! Your internal DNS servers are now set up properly! Now we will cover maintaining your zone records.
+
* Forward zone file: Tambahkan "A" record untuk host / mesin baru, naikan nilai "Serial"
−
Maintaining DNS Records
+
* Reverse zone file: Tambahkan "PTR" record untuk host / mesin baru, naikan nilai "Serial"
 +
* Tambahkan private IP address mesin / host tersebut ke "trusted" ACL (named.conf.options)
  
−
Now that you have a working internal DNS, you need to maintain your DNS records so they accurately reflect your server environment.
+
Reload BIND:
−
Adding Host to DNS
 
  
−
Whenever you add a host to your environment (in the same datacenter), you will want to add it to DNS. Here is a list of steps that you need to take:
+
sudo service bind9 reload
−
Primary Nameserver
 
−
 
 
−
    Forward zone file: Add an "A" record for the new host, increment the value of "Serial"
 
−
    Reverse zone file: Add a "PTR" record for the new host, increment the value of "Serial"
 
−
    Add your new host's private IP address to the "trusted" ACL (named.conf.options)
 
−
 
 
−
Then reload BIND:
 
−
 
 
−
    sudo service bind9 reload
 
  
 
Secondary Nameserver
 
Secondary Nameserver
  
−
    Add your new host's private IP address to the "trusted" ACL (named.conf.options)
+
* Tambahkan private IP address host / mesin baru ke "trusted" ACL (named.conf.options)
−
 
 
−
Then reload BIND:
 
−
 
 
−
    sudo service bind9 reload
 
−
 
 
−
Configure New Host to Use Your DNS
 
−
 
 
−
    Configure resolv.conf to use your DNS servers
 
−
    Test using nslookup
 
  
−
Removing Host from DNS
+
Reload BIND:
  
−
If you remove a host from your environment or want to just take it out of DNS, just remove all the things that were added when you added the server to DNS (i.e. the reverse of the steps above).
+
sudo service bind9 reload
−
Conclusion
 
  
−
Now you may refer to your servers' private network interfaces by name, rather than by IP address. This makes configuration of services and applications easier because you no longer have to remember the private IP addresses, and the files will be easier to read and understand. Also, now you can change your configurations to point to a new servers in a single place, your primary DNS server, instead of having to edit a variety of distributed configuration files, which eases maintenance.
+
Konfigurasi Client
  
−
Once you have your internal DNS set up, and your configuration files are using private FQDNs to specify network connections, it is critical that your DNS servers are properly maintained. If they both become unavailable, your services and applications that rely on them will cease to function properly. This is why it is recommended to set up your DNS with at least one secondary server, and to maintain working backups of all of them.
+
* Konfigurasi resolv.conf untuk menggunakan DNS server anda
 +
* Test dengan nslookup
  
 +
==Pranala Menarik==
  
 +
* [[BIND]]
  
 
==Referensi==
 
==Referensi==
  
 
* https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-configure-bind-as-a-private-network-dns-server-on-ubuntu-14-04
 
* https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-configure-bind-as-a-private-network-dns-server-on-ubuntu-14-04

Latest revision as of 13:50, 10 October 2018

Sumber: https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-configure-bind-as-a-private-network-dns-server-on-ubuntu-14-04


Install BIND

install BIND 

sudo su
apt update
apt install bind9 bind9utils bind9-doc

Setup hanya untuk IPv4 (-4) jika dibutuhkan 

vi /etc/default/bind9

Tambahkan (-4) 

OPTIONS="-4 -u bind"

Konfigurasi Primary DNS Server

Edit 

sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options

Jika dibutuhkan kita bisa menambahkan trusted client 

acl "trusted" {
        10.128.10.11;    # ns1 - can be set to localhost
        10.128.20.12;    # ns2
        10.128.100.101;  # host1
        10.128.200.102;  # host2
};

Ubah ns1 IP address yang benar, misalnya, 

options {
        directory "/var/cache/bind";

        recursion yes;                 # enables resursive queries
        allow-recursion { trusted; };  # allows recursive queries from "trusted" clients
        listen-on { 10.128.10.11; };   # ns1 private IP address - listen on private network only
        allow-transfer { none; };      # disable zone transfers by default

        forwarders {
                8.8.8.8;
                8.8.4.4;
         };
...
};

Konfigurasi Local File

Edit 

sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local

Di file ini kita bisa tambahkan forward dan revese zone dari sebuah domain, contoh 

zone "nyc3.example.com" {
    type master;
    file "/etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com"; # zone file path
    allow-transfer { 10.128.20.12; };         # ns2 private IP address - secondary
};

Asumsi private subnet 10.128.0.0/16, reverse zone- adalah, 

zone "128.10.in-addr.arpa" {
    type master;
    file "/etc/bind/zones/db.10.128";  # 10.128.0.0/16 subnet
    allow-transfer { 10.128.20.12; };  # ns2 private IP address - secondary
};


Buat Forward Zone File

Buat dan edit 

sudo mkdir /etc/bind/zones
cd /etc/bind/zones
sudo cp ../db.local ./db.nyc3.example.com
sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/db.nyc3.example.com

Isi awalnya kira-kira 

$TTL    604800
@       IN      SOA     localhost. root.localhost. (
                              2         ; Serial
                         604800         ; Refresh
                          86400         ; Retry
                        2419200         ; Expire
                         604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@       IN      NS      localhost.      ; delete this line
@       IN      A       127.0.0.1       ; delete this line
@       IN      AAAA    ::1             ; delete this line

Dapat kita ubah menjadi, misalnya, 

$TTL    604800
@       IN      SOA     ns1.nyc3.example.com. admin.nyc3.example.com. (
                  3       ; Serial
             604800     ; Refresh
              86400     ; Retry
            2419200     ; Expire
             604800 )   ; Negative Cache TTL
;
; name servers - NS records
     IN      NS      ns1.nyc3.example.com.
     IN      NS      ns2.nyc3.example.com. 

; name servers - A records
ns1.nyc3.example.com.          IN      A       10.128.10.11
ns2.nyc3.example.com.          IN      A       10.128.20.12

; 10.128.0.0/16 - A records
host1.nyc3.example.com.        IN      A      10.128.100.101
host2.nyc3.example.com.        IN      A      10.128.200.102

Buat Reverse Zone File

Buat dan edit 

   cd /etc/bind/zones
   sudo cp ../db.127 ./db.10.128
   sudo vi /etc/bind/zones/db.10.128

Awalnya akan berisi kira-kira 

$TTL    604800
@       IN      SOA     localhost. root.localhost. (
                              1         ; Serial
                         604800         ; Refresh
                          86400         ; Retry
                        2419200         ; Expire
                         604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL
;
@       IN      NS      localhost.      ; delete this line
1.0.0   IN      PTR     localhost.      ; delete this line

Ubah menjadi kira-kira, 

$TTL    604800
@       IN      SOA     nyc3.example.com. admin.nyc3.example.com. (
                              3         ; Serial
                         604800         ; Refresh
                          86400         ; Retry
                        2419200         ; Expire
                         604800 )       ; Negative Cache TTL
; name servers
      IN      NS      ns1.nyc3.example.com.
      IN      NS      ns2.nyc3.example.com.

; PTR Records
11.10   IN      PTR     ns1.nyc3.example.com.    ; 10.128.10.11
12.20   IN      PTR     ns2.nyc3.example.com.    ; 10.128.20.12
101.100 IN      PTR     host1.nyc3.example.com.  ; 10.128.100.101
102.200 IN      PTR     host2.nyc3.example.com.  ; 10.128.200.102

Cek Syntax Konfigurasi BIND

Jalankan perintah 

sudo named-checkconf

Cek zone tertentu 

sudo named-checkzone nyc3.example.com db.nyc3.example.com
sudo named-checkzone 128.10.in-addr.arpa /etc/bind/zones/db.10.128

Pastikan tidak ada error

Restart BIND

Restart 

   sudo service bind9 restart

Konfigurasi Secondary DNS Server

Lakukan ini di mesin Secondary DNS Server

Edit 

sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.options

Tambahkan 

acl "trusted" {
        10.128.10.11;   # ns1
        10.128.20.12;   # ns2 - can be set to localhost
        10.128.100.101;  # host1
        10.128.200.102;  # host2
};

Tambahkan 

recursion yes;
allow-recursion { trusted; };
listen-on { 10.128.20.12; };      # ns2 private IP address
allow-transfer { none; };          # disable zone transfers by default

forwarders {
     8.8.8.8;
     8.8.4.4;
};

Edit named.conf.local 

sudo vi /etc/bind/named.conf.local

Buat slave zone, 

zone "nyc3.example.com" {
    type slave;
    file "slaves/db.nyc3.example.com";
    masters { 10.128.10.11; };  # ns1 private IP
};

zone "128.10.in-addr.arpa" {
    type slave;
    file "slaves/db.10.128";
    masters { 10.128.10.11; };  # ns1 private IP
};

Cek

Now save and exit named.conf.local. 

sudo named-checkconf

Restart 

sudo service bind9 restart

Konfigurasi DNS Client

Edit head file 

sudo vi /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/head

Tambahkan 

search nyc3.example.com  # your private domain
nameserver 10.128.10.11  # ns1 private IP address
nameserver 10.128.20.12  # ns2 private IP address

Jalankan 

sudo resolvconf -u

Test Client

Test forward 

nslookup host1

Akan keluar 

Output:
Server:     10.128.10.11
Address:    10.128.10.11#53

Name:   host1.nyc3.example.com
Address: 10.128.100.101

Test reverse 

nslookup 10.128.100.101

Akan keluar 

Output:
Server:     10.128.10.11
Address:    10.128.10.11#53

11.10.128.10.in-addr.arpa   name = host1.nyc3.example.com.

Maintain DNS Record

Menambahkan Host ke DNS, tambahkan ke Primary NameServer,

  • Forward zone file: Tambahkan "A" record untuk host / mesin baru, naikan nilai "Serial"
  • Reverse zone file: Tambahkan "PTR" record untuk host / mesin baru, naikan nilai "Serial"
  • Tambahkan private IP address mesin / host tersebut ke "trusted" ACL (named.conf.options)

Reload BIND: 

sudo service bind9 reload

Secondary Nameserver

  • Tambahkan private IP address host / mesin baru ke "trusted" ACL (named.conf.options)

Reload BIND: 

sudo service bind9 reload

Konfigurasi Client

  • Konfigurasi resolv.conf untuk menggunakan DNS server anda
  • Test dengan nslookup

Pranala Menarik

Referensi

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