Hadoop: Instal di Ubuntu 14.04

Sumber: http://www.bogotobogo.com/Hadoop/BigData_hadoop_Install_on_ubuntu_single_node_cluster.php

Spesifikasi Hardware & OS

Persiapan yang perlu di lakukan

• Harddisk WD Red 6TB untuk ujicoba
• PC Biasa 64bit
• Install Ubuntu 14.04 64bit

Instalasi Java

Hadoop framework is written in Java!!

cd ~
sudo apt-get update
sudo locale-gen id_ID.UTF-8
sudo apt-get install default-jdk

cek versi

java -version

java version "1.7.0_51"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (IcedTea 2.4.6) (7u51-2.4.6-1ubuntu4)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 24.51-b03, mixed mode)

Tambahkan Hadoop user

sudo addgroup hadoop
sudo adduser --ingroup hadoop hduser
sudo adduser hduser sudo

Adding user `hduser' to group `sudo' ...
Adding user hduser to group sudo
Done.

Jangan lupa tambahkan hduser sebagai sudoer. Paling gampang

sudo su
vi /etc/sudoers

Tambahkan

hduser  ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

Install ssh

Instalasi ssh

sudo apt-get install ssh

Cek ssh

which ssh

/usr/bin/ssh

Cek sshd

which sshd

/usr/sbin/sshd

Buat & Setup Sertifikat SSH

Hadoop membutuhkan akses SSH untuk memanage nodes (mesin remote & lokal). Kita akan konfigurasi agar mengijinkan authentikasi menggunakan SSH public key.

su hduser
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P ""

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Created directory '/home/hduser/.ssh'.
Your identification has been saved in /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/hduser/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
5c:4e:51:87:9f:00:64:a9:42:40:28:f1:b7:39:c5:04 hduser@wdred
The key's randomart image is:
+--[ RSA 2048]----+
|.. oEo.  .=+...  |
|...  o.  ...o.   |
| .. ..o  .o  o . |
|   . +...+    o  |
|    +  .S .      |
|     .           |
|                 |
|                 |
|                 |
+-----------------+

Lakukan

cat $HOME/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> $HOME/.ssh/authorized_keys

agar Hadoop menambahkan public key yang baru kita buat agar masuk ke key yang di authorisasi agar kita tidak perlu pakai password untuk ssh.

Cek ke localhost

ssh localhost

The authenticity of host 'localhost (127.0.0.1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is b4:47:39:22:4a:c1:fe:0a:af:28:a6:c2:9b:2f:4d:57.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
Welcome to Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 3.13.0-24-generic x86_64)
..
..

Install Hadoop

Sebagai user biasa, lakukan:

cd ~
wget http://mirrors.sonic.net/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.7.1/hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz
tar zxvf hadoop-2.7.1.tar.gz

Proses download lumayan lama, karena file binary yang kita download sekitar 200+ Mbyte :(

sudo su
cd /home/hduser/
mv hadoop-2.7.1 /usr/local/hadoop
chown -R hduser:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop

Setup File Konfigurasi

File berikut perlu di modifikasi untuk menyelesaikan Setup Hadoop:

~/.bashrc
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

~/.bashrc:

Sebelum edit file .bashrc , kita perlu tahu path dimana Java di insyall dan perlu memasukan ke variabel JAVA_HOME environment:

update-alternatives --config java

There is only one alternative in link group java (providing /usr/bin/java): /usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/jre/bin/java
Nothing to configure.

Selanjutnya tambahkan di akhir ~/.bashrc:

vi ~/.bashrc

#HADOOP VARIABLES START
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/
export HADOOP_INSTALL=/usr/local/hadoop
export HADOOP_HOME=/usr/local/hadoop/share/hadoop/common
export HADOOP_VERSION=2.7.1
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/bin
export PATH=$PATH:$HADOOP_INSTALL/sbin
export HADOOP_MAPRED_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_HDFS_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export YARN_HOME=$HADOOP_INSTALL
export HADOOP_COMMON_LIB_NATIVE_DIR=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib/native
export HADOOP_OPTS="-Djava.library.path=$HADOOP_INSTALL/lib"
#HADOOP VARIABLES END

Aktifkan

source ~/.bashrc

Perhatikan JAVA_HOME harus merupakan path sebelum '.../bin/' dibawah ini

javac -version
javac 1.7.0_51

which javac
/usr/bin/javac

readlink -f /usr/bin/javac
/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/bin/javac

Maka JAVA_HOME adalah

/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64/

/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

set JAVA_HOME di file hadoop-env.sh

vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hadoop-env.sh

# The java implementation to use.
# export JAVA_HOME=${JAVA_HOME}
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64

/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

File /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml berisi konfigurasi properties yang digunakan Hadoop saat mulai beroperasi. File ini dapat digunakan untuk meng-override setting default yang ada.

sudo mkdir -p /app/hadoop/tmp
sudo chown hduser:hadoop /app/hadoop/tmp

Masuk ini antara tag <configuration></configuration>:

vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/core-site.xml

<configuration>
 <property>
  <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
  <value>/app/hadoop/tmp</value>
  <description>A base for other temporary directories.</description>
 </property>

 <property>
  <name>fs.default.name</name>
  <value>hdfs://localhost:54310</value>
  <description>The name of the default file system.  A URI whose
  scheme and authority determine the FileSystem implementation.  The
  uri's scheme determines the config property (fs.SCHEME.impl) naming
  the FileSystem implementation class.  The uri's authority is used to
  determine the host, port, etc. for a filesystem.</description>
 </property>
</configuration>

/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

Default, folder /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/ berisi

/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template

yang harus di rename / di copy dengan nama mapred-site.xml:

cp /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml.template /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

File mapred-site.xml digunakan untuk menentukan framework yang digunakan untuk MapReduce. Kita perlu memasukan informasi berikut antara tag <configuration></configuration> :

vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/mapred-site.xml

<configuration>
 <property>
  <name>mapred.job.tracker</name>
  <value>localhost:54311</value>
  <description>The host and port that the MapReduce job tracker runs
  at.  If "local", then jobs are run in-process as a single map
  and reduce task.
  </description>
 </property>
</configuration>

/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

File /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml perlu di konfigurasi di setiap host di cluster yang kita gunakan. File tersebut berisi directory yang digunakan sebagai node dan datanode di host tersebut.

Sebelum mengedit file, kita perlu membuat dua directory yang berisi namenode dan datanode untuk instalasi Hadoop ini. Ini dapat dilakukan menggunakan perintah:

sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode
sudo mkdir -p /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/datanode
sudo chown -R hduser:hadoop /usr/local/hadoop_store

Buka file, dam masukan konfigurasi antara tag <configuration></configuration>:

vi /usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/hdfs-site.xml

<configuration>
 <property>
  <name>dfs.replication</name>
  <value>1</value>
  <description>Default block replication.
  The actual number of replications can be specified when the file is created.
  The default is used if replication is not specified in create time.
  </description>
 </property>
 <property>
   <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
   <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode</value>
 </property>
 <property>
   <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
   <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/datanode</value>
 </property>
</configuration>

Format Hadoop Filesystem

Hadoop file sistem perlu di format sebelum kita dapat menggunakannya. Perintah format perlu memperoleh ijin write di folder /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/name-node.

hadoop namenode -format

DEPRECATED: Use of this script to execute hdfs command is deprecated.
Instead use the hdfs command for it.

15/11/09 11:27:08 INFO namenode.NameNode: STARTUP_MSG: 
/************************************************************
STARTUP_MSG: Starting NameNode
STARTUP_MSG:   host = wdred/192.168.0.19
STARTUP_MSG:   args = [-format]
STARTUP_MSG:   version = 2.7.1
STARTUP_MSG:   classpath =
..
..
..
..
..
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: isPermissionEnabled = true
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: HA Enabled: false
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Append Enabled: true
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map INodeMap
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: 1.0% max memory 889 MB = 8.9 MB
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^20 = 1048576 entries
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: ACLs enabled? false
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: XAttrs enabled? true
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSDirectory: Maximum size of an xattr: 16384
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.NameNode: Caching file names occuring more than 10 times
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map cachedBlocks
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: 0.25% max memory 889 MB = 2.2 MB
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^18 = 262144 entries
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.threshold-pct = 0.9990000128746033
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.min.datanodes = 0
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: dfs.namenode.safemode.extension     = 30000
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.window.num.buckets = 10
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.num.users = 10
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO metrics.TopMetrics: NNTop conf: dfs.namenode.top.windows.minutes = 1,5,25
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache on namenode is enabled
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO namenode.FSNamesystem: Retry cache will use 0.03 of total heap and  retry cache entry expiry time is 600000 millis
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: Computing capacity for map NameNodeRetryCache
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: VM type       = 64-bit
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: 0.029999999329447746% max memory 889 MB = 273.1 KB
15/11/09 11:27:11 INFO util.GSet: capacity      = 2^15 = 32768 entries
15/11/09 11:27:12 INFO namenode.FSImage: Allocated new BlockPoolId: BP-1834961819-192.168.0.19-1447043232009
15/11/09 11:27:12 INFO common.Storage: Storage directory /usr/local/hadoop_store/hdfs/namenode has been successfully formatted.
15/11/09 11:27:12 INFO namenode.NNStorageRetentionManager: Going to retain 1 images with txid >= 0
15/11/09 11:27:12 INFO util.ExitUtil: Exiting with status 0
15/11/09 11:27:12 INFO namenode.NameNode: SHUTDOWN_MSG: 
/************************************************************
SHUTDOWN_MSG: Shutting down NameNode at wdred/192.168.0.19
************************************************************/

Catatan perintah hadoop namenode -format harus di jalankan SEBELUM kita mengjalankan Hadoop. Jika perintah ini dijalankan sesudah Hadoop di jalankan, ini akan menghancurkan data yang ada di Hadoop file system.

Menjalankan Hadoop

Sekarang kita dapat mulai menjalankan single node cluster yang baru di instalasi. Kita dapat menggunakan

start-all.sh
start-dfs.sh
start-yarn.sh

Lakukan

cd /usr/local/hadoop/sbin
ls

distribute-exclude.sh    start-all.cmd        stop-balancer.sh
hadoop-daemon.sh         start-all.sh         stop-dfs.cmd
hadoop-daemons.sh        start-balancer.sh    stop-dfs.sh
hdfs-config.cmd          start-dfs.cmd        stop-secure-dns.sh
hdfs-config.sh           start-dfs.sh         stop-yarn.cmd
httpfs.sh                start-secure-dns.sh  stop-yarn.sh
kms.sh                   start-yarn.cmd       yarn-daemon.sh
mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh  start-yarn.sh        yarn-daemons.sh
refresh-namenodes.sh     stop-all.cmd
slaves.sh                stop-all.sh

sudo su hduser
start-all.sh

This script is Deprecated. Instead use start-dfs.sh and start-yarn.sh
15/11/09 11:32:32 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
Starting namenodes on [localhost]
localhost: starting namenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hduser-namenode-wdred.out
localhost: starting datanode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hduser-datanode-wdred.out
Starting secondary namenodes [0.0.0.0]
The authenticity of host '0.0.0.0 (0.0.0.0)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is b4:47:39:22:4a:c1:fe:0a:af:28:a6:c2:9b:2f:4d:57.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
0.0.0.0: Warning: Permanently added '0.0.0.0' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
0.0.0.0: starting secondarynamenode, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/hadoop-hduser-secondarynamenode-wdred.out
15/11/09 11:33:11 WARN util.NativeCodeLoader: Unable to load native-hadoop library for your platform... using builtin-java classes where applicable
starting yarn daemons
starting resourcemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-hduser-resourcemanager-wdred.out
localhost: starting nodemanager, logging to /usr/local/hadoop/logs/yarn-hduser-nodemanager-wdred.out

Cek, apakah berjalan dengan baik:

jps

7245 NameNode
7380 DataNode
8193 Jps
7895 NodeManager
7607 SecondaryNameNode
7758 ResourceManager

Cek

netstat -plten | grep java

(Not all processes could be identified, non-owned process info
 will not be shown, you would have to be root to see it all.)
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:50070           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       16893       7245/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8088            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       20864       7758/java       
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:54680         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       18512       7380/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:50010           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       18506       7380/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:50075           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       18728       7380/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8030            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       20855       7758/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8031            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       20848       7758/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8032            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       20860       7758/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8033            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       21067       7758/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:52739           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       21059       7895/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:50020           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       18150       7380/java       
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:54310         0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       17639       7245/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8040            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       22344       7895/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:8042            0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       22348       7895/java       
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:50090           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      1001       19321       7607/java

Monitor Job & Task

• NameNode daemon: http://hdnode01:50070
• JobTracker daemon: http://hdnode01:50030
• TaskTracker daemon: http://hdnode01:50060

Stop Hadoop

Kita dapat menjalankan

stop-all.sh
stop-dfs.sh
stop-yarn.sh

Lakukan

cd /usr/local/hadoop/sbin
stop-all.sh

Hadoop Web Interface

Let's start the Hadoop again and see its Web UI:

cd /usr/local/hadoop/sbin
start-all.sh

Akses ke

http://localhost:50070

Referensi

• http://www.bogotobogo.com/Hadoop/BigData_hadoop_Install_on_ubuntu_single_node_cluster.php