5G: Power Amplifier - Revision history

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Referensi

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Sumber: https://www.qorvo.com/design-hub/blog/power-amplifier-modules-and-their-role-in-5g-design

5G is one of the most important and powerful technologies ever to reach the market in the field of wireless communications. Offering significant improvements in data rates, latency and capacity as compared to 4G, 5G is poised to be a truly transformative technology in the industry and the world.

Yet, these radical performance improvements generate increased strain on and tighter requirements for the underlying radio frequency (RF) hardware. One of the most instrumental pieces of RF hardware is the power amplifier (PA), a device whose importance has only increased with the proliferation of 5G. To help ease the challenges of designing RF PAs for 5G, power amplifier modules (PAMs) have become an important tool in recent years.

In this post, we'll talk about PAs, their role in 5G, and how Qorvo leverages PAMs to help support the 5G infrastructure of the future.

PAM

What Is a PA?
When working with RF signals, especially at the higher frequency bands of 5G, voltage levels can be extremely low. This is a challenge because the electromagnetic (EM) signal becomes more susceptible at lower amplitudes to the effects of system-level noise (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio decreases). On top of this, lower-voltage signals generally lack the strength necessary to drive downstream circuitry or antennas.

To address these challenges, engineers use PAs. An RF PA is a circuit block that serves to increase the amplitude, power output, or drive capacity of an RF signal. Generally, RF PAs live near the system antennas to provide a transmitting antenna with a high-power signal.

With a PA, the goal is to boost the signal while maintaining a high level of fidelity from input to output. For these reasons, linearity, efficiency and output power are important specifications for a PA.

PA Design Challenges
Historically, PAs and their surrounding circuitry were designed using discrete components on a board. While this approach has served the industry for many years, the efficacy of this approach is coming into question as several nontrivial design challenges emerge.

One of these challenges is being able to balance the tradeoffs among area, cost, performance and power consumption. Generally, these specifications tend to conflict with one another, and designers must know how to optimize their circuits to balance the tradeoffs in an optimal way for their given application. Balancing these tradeoffs is increasingly difficult when using discrete components as considerations like part selection, component interoperability, and layout impact performance.

This is further confounded when moving to 5G, where systems need to cover wider bandwidths and higher frequency ranges. Today's systems require an average instantaneous bandwidth of up to 400 MHz while operating at frequencies up to 4 GHz. The challenge is now maintaining the aforementioned system tradeoffs while also providing performance over this frequency band.

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Solutions with a PAM
To address these challenges, Qorvo has turned to PAMs.

A PAM is an electronic component that integrates the discrete components in a PA, and its surrounding circuitry, into a single packaged solution. For example, in the application of a 5G base station, a PAM might integrate the driver amplifier and final stage amplifier into a single package as opposed to implementing them as discrete circuit blocks. By integrating the entire PA system onto a single module, we can achieve many important results (Figure 1).

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Figure 1: The Qorvo QPA4501 PAM incorporates a Doherty final stage for high power and efficiency.

First, PAMs make the design of RF systems, such as base stations, significantly easier than the discrete option. Instead of selecting components and designing a discrete circuit, designers can instead select a module that fits their needs and implement it within their system as a whole.

Beyond this, PAMs can offer improved performance and area when compared to non-module solutions. By integrating the components, layout concerns, such as parasitics, can be minimized, resulting in higher performance and efficiency. Qorvo PAMs also address considerations like impedance matching for the designer, ensuring that maximum performance is attainable.

Lastly, this integration allows for smaller systems on average, saving weight and area for users in their final system design.

==Referensi==

* https://semiengineering.com/power-amp-wars-begin-for-5g/
* https://www.qorvo.com/design-hub/blog/power-amplifier-modules-and-their-role-in-5g-design

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	==Tahapan dalam Penguat Daya RF==		==Tahapan dalam Penguat Daya RF==
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	Penguat daya RF terdiri dari beberapa tahapan berbeda:		Penguat daya RF terdiri dari beberapa tahapan berbeda:

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:02, 27 November 2022
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	* https://www.qorvo.com/design-hub/blog/power-amplifier-modules-and-their-role-in-5g-design		* https://www.qorvo.com/design-hub/blog/power-amplifier-modules-and-their-role-in-5g-design
	* https://resources.system-analysis.cadence.com/blog/msa2021-rf-power-amplifier-design-parameters		* https://resources.system-analysis.cadence.com/blog/msa2021-rf-power-amplifier-design-parameters
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		+	==Pranala Menarik==
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		+	* [[5G]]

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 ==Tahapan dalam Penguat Daya RF==
-RF power amplifiers are comprised of a few different stages:
+Penguat daya RF terdiri dari beberapa tahapan berbeda:
-* Input impedance matching network: Impedance matching is required in RF power amplifiers to deliver maximum power to the load from the source. Impedance matching networks are introduced in the input side of RF power amplifiers to match with the typical input impedance of 50 ohms.
+* Input impedance matching network: Pencocokan impedansi diperlukan dalam amplifier daya RF untuk mengirimkan daya maksimum ke beban dari sumber. Input impedance matching network di sisi input amplifier daya RF agar sesuai dengan impedansi input tipikal 50 ohm.
-* Amplifiers stages: Depending on the input signal and output power required, the gain is calculated. Based on the gain calculated, the number of amplifier stages is determined. If multiple amplifier stages are present, then either parallel or cascade connections are utilized.
+* Amplifiers stage: Bergantung pada sinyal input dan daya output yang diperlukan, gain dihitung. Berdasarkan gain yang dihitung, jumlah tahap penguat ditentukan. Jika ada beberapa tahap penguat, maka koneksi paralel atau kaskade digunakan.
-* Biasing network: These are the active components used in an RF power amplifier necessitating a biasing circuit. The biasing network supplies the bias voltages to the RF amplifier stages.
+* Biasing network: Ini adalah komponen aktif yang digunakan dalam penguat daya RF yang memerlukan rangkaian bias. Jaringan bias memasok tegangan bias ke tahap penguat RF.
-* Accessories network: These are the circuits used for improving the linearity, stability, and performance of RF power amplifiers.
+* Accessories network: Ini adalah sirkuit yang digunakan untuk meningkatkan linearitas, stabilitas, dan kinerja penguat daya RF.
-* Output impedance matching network: On the output side of the RF power amplifier, impedance matching networks are connected to match the output impedance of the RF power amplifier to 50 ohms.
+* Output impedance matching network: Di sisi keluaran penguat daya RF, Output impedance matching network dihubungkan untuk mencocokkan impedansi keluaran penguat daya RF hingga 50 ohm.
-==RF Power Amplifier Design Parameters==
+== Parameter Desain Penguat Daya RF==
-While designing RF power amplifiers, certain parameters are of great importance. In the following section, some important parameters for RF power amplifier design are discussed.
+Saat merancang penguat daya RF, parameter tertentu sangat penting. Pada bagian berikut, beberapa parameter penting untuk desain penguat daya RF dibahas.
-* Output power: The RF power delivered to the load is a key parameter influencing RF power amplifier design. Conjugate impedance matching is normally employed in RF power amplifiers to deliver maximum power to the load.
+* Output power: Daya RF yang dikirimkan ke beban adalah parameter kunci yang memengaruhi desain penguat daya RF. Pencocokan impedansi konjugasi biasanya digunakan dalam amplifier daya RF untuk memberikan daya maksimum ke beban.
-* Power amplifier efficiency: The term ‘power efficiency of RF power amplifiers’ is defined by the ratio of the difference between output RF power and RF input power to the input DC power. The power amplifier efficiency is maximum at maximum output RF power.
+* Power amplifier efficiency: Istilah 'efisiensi daya penguat daya RF' ditentukan oleh rasio perbedaan antara daya RF keluaran dan daya masukan RF dengan daya DC masukan. Efisiensi penguat daya maksimum pada daya RF keluaran maksimum.
-* Signal gain: The signal gain depends on the RF power amplifier input and output specifications. Depending on the gain required, the amplifier stages are designed.
+* Signal gain: Penguatan sinyal bergantung pada spesifikasi input dan output penguat daya RF. Bergantung pada penguatan yang dibutuhkan, tahap penguat dirancang.
-* Linearity: The non-linear characteristics of the RF power amplifier are detrimental to the amplifier’s operation. By maintaining the linearity of RF power amplifier stages, distortions in amplitude, phase, and frequency can be minimized.
+* Linearity: Karakteristik non-linear dari penguat daya RF merugikan pengoperasian penguat. Dengan mempertahankan linearitas tahapan penguat daya RF, distorsi pada amplitudo, fase, dan frekuensi dapat diminimalkan.
-* Modulation scheme: The selection of a modulation scheme in a communication system is important in RF amplifier design, as it influences the efficiency and linearity performance of the amplifier stages.
+* Modulation scheme: Pemilihan skema modulasi dalam sistem komunikasi penting dalam desain penguat RF, karena hal itu memengaruhi efisiensi dan kinerja linearitas tahap penguat.
-* Crest factor: The parameter crest factor in an RF power amplifier is equal to the square root of the ratio of peak signal power to average signal power (PAPR). The PAPR determines the input power back-off, which is important in achieving good linearity.
+* Crest factor: Faktor puncak parameter dalam penguat daya RF sama dengan akar kuadrat dari rasio peak signal power to average signal power (PAPR). PAPR menentukan daya input back-off, yang penting dalam mencapai linearitas yang baik.
-Advancements in communication engineering, such as 3G, 4G, and 5G, demands robust RF power amplifier designs with excellent parameters such as efficiency, linearity, bandwidth, etc.
+Kemajuan dalam teknik komunikasi, seperti 3G, 4G, dan 5G, menuntut desain penguat daya RF yang kuat dengan parameter yang sangat baik seperti efisiensi, linearitas, bandwidth, dll.
-To help ease the challenges of designing RF PAs for 5G, power amplifier modules (PAMs) have become an important tool in recent years.
+Salah satu tantangan ini adalah mampu menyeimbangkan pengorbanan antara area, biaya, kinerja, dan konsumsi daya. Secara umum, spesifikasi ini cenderung bertentangan satu sama lain, dan desainer harus mengetahui cara mengoptimalkan sirkuit mereka untuk menyeimbangkan pengorbanan secara optimal untuk aplikasi yang mereka berikan. Menyeimbangkan pengorbanan ini semakin sulit saat menggunakan komponen diskrit sebagai pertimbangan seperti pemilihan bagian, interoperabilitas komponen, dan kinerja dampak tata letak.

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 * Sistem antena
 * Penerima televisi
-* Jaringan wireless termasuk 4G dan 5G
+* Jaringan wireless, termasuk 4G dan 5G
 G adalah salah satu teknologi paling penting dan powerful yang pernah menjangkau pasar di bidang komunikasi wireless. Menawarkan peningkatan signifikan dalam kecepatan data, latensi, dan kapasitas dibandingkan dengan 4G, 5G siap menjadi teknologi yang benar-benar transformatif di industri dan dunia.
-Namun, peningkatan kinerja yang radikal ini menimbulkan beban yang meningkat dan persyaratan yang lebih ketat untuk perangkat keras frekuensi radio (RF) yang mendasarinya. Salah satu perangkat keras RF yang paling berperan adalah power amplifier (PA), perangkat yang kepentingannya semakin meningkat dengan implementasi 5G.
+Namun, peningkatan kinerja yang radikal ini menimbulkan beban yang meningkat dan persyaratan yang lebih ketat untuk perangkat keras frekuensi radio (RF) yang mendasarinya. Salah satu perangkat keras RF yang paling berperan adalah Power Amplifier (PA), perangkat yang kepentingannya semakin meningkat dengan implementasi 5G.
 Mari kita lihat lebih dekat bagaimana penguat daya RF dirancang.
-==The Stages of an RF Power Amplifier ==
+==Tahapan dalam Penguat Daya RF==
 RF power amplifiers are comprised of a few different stages:

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
-G is one of the most important and powerful technologies ever to reach the market in the field of wireless communications. Offering significant improvements in data rates, latency and capacity as compared to 4G, 5G is poised to be a truly transformative technology in the industry and the world.
+G adalah salah satu teknologi paling penting dan powerful yang pernah menjangkau pasar di bidang komunikasi wireless. Menawarkan peningkatan signifikan dalam kecepatan data, latensi, dan kapasitas dibandingkan dengan 4G, 5G siap menjadi teknologi yang benar-benar transformatif di industri dan dunia.
-Yet, these radical performance improvements generate increased strain on and tighter requirements for the underlying radio frequency (RF) hardware. One of the most instrumental pieces of RF hardware is the power amplifier (PA), a device whose importance has only increased with the proliferation of 5G. To help ease the challenges of designing RF PAs for 5G, power amplifier modules (PAMs) have become an important tool in recent years.
+Namun, peningkatan kinerja yang radikal ini menimbulkan beban yang meningkat dan persyaratan yang lebih ketat untuk perangkat keras frekuensi radio (RF) yang mendasarinya. Salah satu perangkat keras RF yang paling berperan adalah power amplifier (PA), perangkat yang kepentingannya semakin meningkat dengan implementasi 5G.
 In this post, we'll talk about PAs, their role in 5G, and how Qorvo leverages PAMs to help support the 5G infrastructure of the future.
@@ Line 24: / Line 26: @@
 This is further confounded when moving to 5G, where systems need to cover wider bandwidths and higher frequency ranges. Today's systems require an average instantaneous bandwidth of up to 400 MHz while operating at frequencies up to 4 GHz. The challenge is now maintaining the aforementioned system tradeoffs while also providing performance over this frequency band.
 RF power amplifiers are applied in many communication systems, including:

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-Sumber: https://www.qorvo.com/design-hub/blog/power-amplifier-modules-and-their-role-in-5g-design
+Sumber: https://resources.system-analysis.cadence.com/blog/msa2021-rf-power-amplifier-design-parameters
@@ Line 49: / Line 49: @@
 Lastly, this integration allows for smaller systems on average, saving weight and area for users in their final system design.
@@ Line 55: / Line 96: @@
 * https://semiengineering.com/power-amp-wars-begin-for-5g/
 * https://www.qorvo.com/design-hub/blog/power-amplifier-modules-and-their-role-in-5g-design