View source for TCP/IP: Quagga Bagaimana cara menggunakan

==Daemon di Quagga==

Kita harus mengaktifkan daemon di quagga sesuai dengan routing protokol yang kita inginkan di router kita.

 zebra:    Interface declaration and static routing
 bgpd:     BGP routing protocol
 ospfd:    OSPF routing protocol
 ospf6d:   OSPF IPv6 routing protocol
 ripd:     RIP v2 routing protocol
 ripngd:   RIP Ipv6 routing protocol

Contoh di bawah, zebra dan IPv4 OSPF di aktifkan

 vi /etc/quagga/daemons

 zebra=yes
 bgpd=no
 ospfd=yes
 ospf6d=no
 ripd=no
 ripngd=no 
 isisd=no
 babeld=no

Restart layanan Quagga:

 # /etc/init.d/quagga restart

 Stopping Quagga monitor daemon: (waiting) .. watchquagga.
 Stopping Quagga daemons (prio:0): (ospfd) (zebra) (bgpd) (ripd) (ripngd) (ospf6d) (isisd) (babeld).
 Removing all routes made by zebra.
 Loading capability module if not yet done.
 Starting Quagga daemons (prio:10): zebra ospfd.
 Starting Quagga monitor daemon: watchquagga.

Kita dapat mencek status daemon Quagga menggunakan perintah:

 sudo su
 ps -ef | grep quagga

 quagga    4407     1  0 14:32 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/quagga/zebra --daemon -A 192.168.1.255 -A 224.0.0.9
 quagga    4411     1  0 14:32 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/quagga/ospfd --daemon -A 192.168.1.255 -A 224.0.0.9
 root      4415     1  0 14:32 ?        00:00:00 /usr/lib/quagga/watchquagga --daemon zebra ospfd


Jika Quagga daemon tidak stop secara benar, kita dapat meng-kill secara manual dan men-start layanan Quagga:

 sudo su
 kill -9 "UID number"
 /etc/init.d/quagga start

==File Konfigurasi (file /etc/quagga/*.conf)==

Kita harus membuat file konfigurasi (walaupun itu kosong) setiap kali kita akan mengaktifkan daemon Quagga.
Setiap daemon akan membaca file tertentu:

 vtysh:     vtysh.conf
 zebra:     zebra.conf
 bgpd:      bgpd.conf
 ospfd:     ospfd.conf
 ospf6d:    ospf6d.conf
 ripd:      ripd.conf
 ripngd:    ripngd.conf
 isisd:     isisd.conf
 babeld:    babeld.conf

Untuk membuat file konfigurasi, yang paling sederhana adalah mengcopy file dari /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ sebagai berikut:

 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/vtysh.conf.sample /etc/quagga/vtysh.conf
 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/zebra.conf.sample /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/bgpd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/bgpd.conf
 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ripd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/ripd.conf
 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ripngd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/ripngd.conf
 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ospfd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf
 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/ospf6d.conf.sample  /etc/quagga/ospf6d.conf
 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/isisd.conf.sample /etc/quagga/isisd.conf
 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/babeld.conf.sample /etc/quagga/babeld.conf

Sebetulnya kita dapat saja membuat file .conf kosong. 
Jika ini dilakukan, maka kita tidak dapat telnet ke daemon,
kita perlu mengkonfigurasi ijin telnet dengan vtsh.

Selanjutnya, kita perlu memperbaiki user dan group agar sesuai dengan quagga dan quaggavty 
kepada file yang ada di dalam folder /etc/quagga:

 chown quagga.quaggavty /etc/quagga/*.conf
 chmod 640 /etc/quagga/*.conf

Restart layanan Quagga :

 # /etc/init.d/quagga restart


==DEBIAN.CONF FILE==

Default dari Quagga daemon akan mendengarkan interface loopback di 127.0.0.1. Artinya kita hanya bisa telnet di address 127.0.0.1 dan tidak bisa di akses secara remore.

Jika kita ingin telnet ke Quagga daemon dari remote, kita dapat mengedit file /etc/quagga/debian.conf. 
Kita dapat memasukan IP address yang di di telnet atau membuang semua opsi -A.

Contoh:

* daemon ospfd mendengarkan pada IP address 127.0.0.1 dan 192.168.1.104.

 ospfd_options=" --daemon -A 127.0.0.1 192.168.1.104"

* daemon zebra mendengarkan semua IP address di interface Linux. Lebih di rekomendasikan untuk memfilter siapa yang dapat mengakses router.

 zebra_options=" --daemon "

Berikut adalah rekomendasi file debian.conf:

 #vim /etc/quagga/debian.conf

 # If this option is set the /etc/init.d/quagga script automatically loads
 # the config via "vtysh -b" when the servers are started.
 # Check /etc/pam.d/quagga if you intend to use "vtysh"!
 #
 vtysh_enable=yes
 zebra_options=" --daemon -A 127.0.01"
 bgpd_options="  --daemon -A 127.0.01"
 ospfd_options=" --daemon -A 127.0.01"
 ospf6d_options="--daemon -A ::1"
 ripd_options="  --daemon -A 127.0.01"
 ripngd_options="--daemon -A ::1"
 isisd_options=" --daemon -A 127.0.01"
 babeld_options=" --daemon -A 127.0.01"

Konfigurasi "vtysh_enable=yes" dibutuhkan untuk mengakses router Quagga menggunakan vtysh.

Restart layanan Quagga

 #/etc/init.d/quagga restart

==VTYSH==

Kita bisa mengakses daemon di Quagga dengan cara telnet ke port masing-masing daemon. Port tersebut adalah:


 zebra           2601/tcp                        # zebra vty
 ripd            2602/tcp                        # ripd vty (zebra)
 ripngd          2603/tcp                        # ripngd vty (zebra)
 ospfd           2604/tcp                        # ospfd vty (zebra)
 bgpd            2605/tcp                        # bgpd vty (zebra)
 ospf6d          2606/tcp                        # ospf6d vty (zebra)
 ospfapi         2607/tcp                        # OSPF-API
 isisd           2608/tcp                        # ISISd vty (zebra)


Sebagai contoh, untuk akses ke daemon ospfd:

 telnet localhost 2604

atau

 telnet localhost ospfd

Akan sangat tidak praktis untuk mengkonfigurasi router dengan cara telnet ke masing-masing daemon secara terpisah,
oleh karenanya dibuatlah vtysh untuk mengkonfigurasi segala sesuatu di satu interface.

Untuk mmenggunakan vtysh, kita pertama-tama perlu membuat file konfigurasi sebagai berikut:

 cp /usr/share/doc/quagga/examples/vtysh.conf.sample /etc/quagga/vtysh.conf

Isinya /etc/quagga/vtysh.conf

 !
 ! Sample
 !
 ! service integrated-vtysh-config
 hostname quagga-router
 username root nopassword
 !

Betulkan ijin dan restart Quagga:

 chown quagga.quaggavty /etc/quagga/*.conf
 chmod 640 /etc/quagga/*.conf
 /etc/init.d/quagga restart

In the example above the "service integrated-vtysh-config" setting has been disabled (recommended). In this case, when you save the config under vtysh, it will be stored in separate files depending on the protocols you activated.
Below, an example where the Quagga configuration is saved under vtysh. (The zebra and ospfd daemons have been enabled.)

 #vtysh
 quagga-router#write
 Configuration saved to /etc/quagga/zebra.conf
 Configuration saved to /etc/quagga/ospfd.conf

If you activate "service integrated-vtysh-config", the configuration under vtysh will be saved in one file called Quagga.conf in the /etc/quagga/ directory.
With this setting, when you access a daemon via telnet, the daemon will look first to the Quagga.conf file before looking for its own file. This means that, when you telnet a device, there can be a difference between what you see after the "show run" command and the content of the associated file, for example zebra.conf.

 #vtysh
 quagga-router#write
 Configuration saved to /etc/quagga/Quagga.conf

It is recommended to disable "service integrated-vtysh-config" because if this setting is enabled and in case of a syntax error in the Quagga.conf file, this can lead to all your daemons being unable to start up. This will not be case when "service integrated-vtysh-config" is disabled because the configurations are stored in separate files.

Check that the default "vtysh_enable=yes" setting are configured in your /etc/quagga/debian.conf file. You can read the previous paragraph about the debian.conf file to get more information.

Then it's useful to add the "VTYSH_PAGER=more" setting in your /etc/environment file, otherwise you will see an unfriendly "(END)" blinking in the left-down corner of the screen each time your enter a command and will need to press the "q" key to continue.

 #echo VTYSH_PAGER=more > /etc/environment

Log off and log on to enable the environment setting. You can now access the Quagga router with the vtysh command:

 # vtysh

 Hello, this is Quagga (version 0.99.22).
 Copyright 1996-2005 Kunihiro Ishiguro, et al.
 
 ubuntu# 

Jika kita ingin menjalankan perintah Quagga dari Shell Linux, lakukan:

 vtysh -c "command"

Contoh:

 vtysh -c "show ip route"

akan menampilkan tabel routing.

You can use Ping and traceroute to perform connectivity checks from the vtysh prompt. Of course, these two programs need to be installed on the Linux machine. Ping is generally installed by default but traceroute often not.
To install traceroute:

 #apt-get install traceroute

==IP FORWARDING==

IP forwarding dibutuhkan untuk mentransfer paket antar interface di sebuah sistem Linux.

 echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Perintah di atas akan menambahkan nilai "1" dalam file /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward dan mengaktifkan IP forwarding.
jika kita menginginkan agar IP forwarding tetap ada saat Linux reboot, lakukan

 echo "net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

Jika juga dapat mencek status ip_forwarding di router Quagga, 
menggunakan perintah:

 show ip forwarding

Akan keluar

 IP forwarding is on

Jika IP forwarding di aktifkan.

==SPEED/DUPLEX==

It is not possible to set the duplex and speed settings on the Quagga plateform. You have to configure them at the Linux level.
Use the interface configuration tutorial for assistance.

==Pranala Menarik==

* [[TCP/IP: Quagga Apakah Itu?]]
* [[TCP/IP: Quagga Prasyarat & Instalasi]]
* [[TCP/IP: Quagga Bagaimana cara menggunakan]]
* [[TCP/IP: Quagga Perbandingan Fungsi Router]]
* [[TCP/IP: Quagga Statik Routing]]
* [[TCP/IP: Quagga RIP]]
* [[TCP/IP: Quagga OSPF sederhana]]
* [[TCP/IP: Quagga OSPF lanjut]]
* [[TCP/IP: Quagga BGP]]